High Dilution Effects: Physical and Biochemical Basis

Acacia Auriculiformis-Extract Synthesis Pr-Proteins Developed Potential Biomedicines-Vaccine Against Okra-Diseases and Covid-19: Improved Science Technology Communications Bio-Economy Applications

“…(Plate 1), was extracted with 90% ethanol at room temperature (25± 2°C) for 15 days, filtered and removed by evaporation at room temperature (25±2°C). The residue, obtained after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure, was dried in a desiccator over anhydrous Subhas Chandra Datta Ph.D. calcium chloride [15], [19], [22], [23], [32], [35], [39] and the crude residues were dissolved in 90% ethanol at 1mg/ml concentration and was formed the Acacia auriculiformis-extract [31], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47].…”

“…Ankur-40) were planted with a gap of 25cm in the four plots and allowed to grow for a period of ninety-one days. The treatments-plots were: uninoculated untreated, inoculated untreated, Acacia auriculiformis-extract -pretreated, and -post-treated [15], [19], [20], [21], [22], [25], [26], [27], [28], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44].…”

“…The biomedicines; Acacia auriculiformis-extract, test-and -control solutions (1mg/10ml concentration): After 29-days, the Root-Knot (RK) diseases (Plate 2) [14,15] caused by the nematode-pathogens, Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease (Plate-3) and Okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus (OELCV) disease (Plate 4), caused by the virus-pathogens which spreads by an insect vector, named-whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen), are naturally occurred and at this 6-leaf stage of okra plants, all the diseases were assessed initially (before pretreatments), and pretreatments were done by foliar spray @10 ml/plant (1mg/10ml concentration) once daily for 15 days with; biomedicines Acacia auriculiformis-extract, -test solutions and -control solution respectively [31], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48].…”

“…Ninety-one days after plantation of germinated seeds of okra, all the plants were uprooted from each plot and the parameters of growth and nematode infection such as biomass of shoot and root, root gall number, nematode population per gram of root and 200 soil, fruit and root total protein fraction in each sample was estimated [50], [51], [55], [56], [57]. At thirty days after the last pretreatment, all the parameters of diseases were assessed again (after last pretreatments) for each group and all the data were used for statistical analysis by Student t-test [31], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47] and all the data were considered and were presented in Table 1.…”

“…All the high-diluted biomedicines; Acacia auriculiformis extract, at extremely low doses, ones again not only reduced Root-Knot (RK) disease, and Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) and Okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus (OELCV) foliar diseases of okra plants but also improved the nutritive value (especially protein) of both the treated-fruits of the naturally infected plants [15], [19], [20], [21], [22], [25], [26], [27], [28], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44]. It is noted that pretreated with highly-diluted Acacia auriculiformis-extract, at extremely low doses, is less effective than posttreated with highly-diluted Acacia auriculiformis-extract.…”