High dietary salt intake attenuates nitric oxide mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increases oxidative stress in pregnancy

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary salt intake during normal pregnancy on maternal microvascular and macrovascular endothelium-dependent reactivity and oxidative stress level. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, based on their 24-h urinary sodium excretion, pregnant women (37–40 weeks of gestation) were divided into three groups: normal salt (<5.75 g/day, N = 12), high salt (5.75–10.25 g/day, N = 36), and very high salt (VHS;>10.25 g/day, N = 17). Forearm skin microvascular reactivity in response to vascular occlusion, local heating (LTH) and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (AChID), as well as brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) were measured. Serum nitric oxide, endocan, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay were measured as biomarkers of endothelial function/activation and oxidative stress. Results: Brachial artery FMD, microvascular AChID, and LTH were significantly decreased in VHS compared with NS group, while LTH was also decreased in normal salt compared with high salt group. Nitric oxide was significantly decreased in both high salt and VHS groups compared with normal salt. Endocan, 8-iso-PGF2α, and TBARS were significantly increased in VHS compared with the normal salt group. Conclusion: High dietary salt intake is associated with decreased nitric oxide mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in peripheral microcirculation and macrocirculation of healthy pregnant women due to increased oxidative stress.