High dietary NaCl early in development enhances mean arterial pressure of adult rats

Contreras, Robert J.; Wong, Donald; Henderson, Ross P.; Curtis, Kathleen S.; Smith, James C.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00331-0

Cited by 62 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Sprague-Dawley rats are not genetically salt sensitive, that is, a HS diet produces only a modest increase in blood pressure (15,28). However, there is some indication that perinatal HS and other models of fetal programming may impart a significant permanent salt sensitivity (8,34,45). The final hypothesis addressed was that a maternal HS diet limited to the period of pregnancy would produce offspring that were salt sensitive as adults.…”

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Prenatal high-salt diet in the Sprague-Dawley rat programs blood pressure and heart rate hyperresponsiveness to stress in adult female offspring

Porter

King²,

Honeycutt³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Porter JP, King SH, Honeycutt AD. Prenatal high-salt diet in the Sprague-Dawley rat programs blood pressure and heart rate hyperresponsiveness to stress in adult female offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R334-R342, 2007. First published May 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00887.2006.-Several animal models have been developed to study fetal programming of hypertension. One model involves feeding high-salt (HS) diet to rats before and during pregnancy, during lactation, and after weaning for 10 days. In the present investigation, we limited HS diet to the prenatal period in an attempt to find a narrower critical window for fetal programming. The HS diet did not result in low-birth weight offspring. In the adult offspring, radiotelemetry was used to assess blood pressure and heart rate in the conscious unstressed state. As adults, the HS offspring were not hypertensive compared with normal-salt (NS) control animals. However, the pressor and tachycardic responses to 1-h of restraint were significantly enhanced in HS female offspring, and recovery after restraint was delayed. This was accompanied by an increase in relative expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus during basal and stressed conditions. There was no augmented stress response or relative increase in CRH mRNA in adult HS male offspring. When challenged with 1 wk of 8% NaCl diet as adults, neither HS male nor female offspring exhibited salt sensitivity compared with NS groups. These data show that a high-salt diet limited to the prenatal period is not sufficient to program hypertension in adult offspring. However, this narrower critical period is sufficient to imprint a lasting hyperresponsiveness to stress, at least in adult female offspring. These data indicate that excessive maternal salt intake during pregnancy can adversely affect the cardiovascular health of adult offspring. corticotropin-releasing hormone; paraventricular nucleus; hypertension; radiotelemetry; sodium chloride; pregnancy; prenatal nutrition physiology IN RECENT YEARS, SEVERAL ANIMAL models have been developed to study developmental origins (also known as fetal programming) of adult diseases, including hypertension. Most of these have been models of low birth weight in an attempt to better understand clinical data in humans that suggest low birth weight is associated with hypertension in later life. Of these, the protein undernutrition model has received the most attention. Limiting maternal protein intake during pregnancy produces small offspring in rats. These offspring are hypertensive as adults (24,31,45). Another model has used ligation of the uterine arteries to produce underperfusion of the placenta. Offspring are small and develop hypertension as adults (1, 36). A third model involves injection of dexamethasone into pregnant animals near parturition. Once again, offspring are small and develop hypertension later in life (11, 44). All of these models provide evidence that the fetal environment...

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“…Contreras et al (8) have shown that perinatal high salt can also produce a lasting hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. This model involved giving a high-salt (HS) diet before and during pregnancy, during lactation, and to weaned offspring for 10 days before switching to a normal-salt (NS) chow.…”

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Prenatal high-salt diet in the Sprague-Dawley rat programs blood pressure and heart rate hyperresponsiveness to stress in adult female offspring

Porter

King²,

Honeycutt³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Among the few studies on the effect of dietary salt intake during the perinatal period in adult offspring, Contreras et al (17), using Sprague-Dawley rats, showed that mean arterial pressure is higher in adult offspring from dams that received a high-salt diet during pregnancy. According to the authors, sodium overload during this early period of development may induce important adaptations, especially in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).…”

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Perinatal Salt Restriction: A New Pathway to Programming Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats

et al. 2004

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Several studies support the hypothesis that chronic diseases in adulthood might be triggered by events that occur during fetal development. This study examined the consequences of perinatal salt intake on blood pressure (BP) and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult offspring of dams on high-salt [HSD; 8% (HSD2) or 4% (HSD1)], normal-salt (NSD; 1.3%), or low-salt (LSD; 0.15% NaCl) diet during pregnancy and lactation. At 12 wk of age, female Wistar rats were matched with adult male rats that were fed NSD. Weekly tail-cuff BP measurements were performed before, during, and after pregnancy. After weaning, the offspring received only NSD and were housed in metabolic cages for 24-h urine collection for sodium and potassium and nitrate and nitrite excretion measurements. At 12 wk of age, intra-arterial mean BP was measured, a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed, and plasma lipids and nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined. Tail-cuff BP was higher during pregnancy in HSD2 and HSD1 than in NSD and LSD dams. Mean BP (mm Hg) was also higher in the offspring of HSD2 (110 Ϯ 5) and HSD1 (107 Ϯ 5) compared with NSD (100 Ϯ 2) and LSD (92 Ϯ 2). Lower glucose uptake and higher plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols were observed in male offspring from LSD dams (glucose uptake: HSD2 17 Ϯ 4, HSD1 15 Ϯ 3, NSD 11 Ϯ 3, LSD 4 Ϯ 1 mg · kg Ϫ1 · min Ϫ1 ; cholesterol: HSD2 62 Ϯ 6, HSD1 82 Ϯ 11, NSD 68 Ϯ 10, LSD 98 Ϯ 17 mg/dL; triacylglycerols: HSD2 47 Ϯ 15, HSD1 49 Ϯ 12, NSD 56 Ϯ 19, LSD 83 Ϯ 11 mg/dL). In conclusion, maternal salt intake during pregnancy and lactation has long-term influences on arterial pressure, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipids of the adult offspring. (Pediatr Res 56: 842-848, 2004) Abbreviations BP, blood pressure HSD, high-salt diet HR, heart rate LSD, low-salt diet MBP, mean blood pressure NSD, normal-salt diet NOx, nitrate plus nitrite RAS, renin-angiotensin system tcBP, tail-cuff blood pressure Almost two decades ago, Barker and Osmond (1) proposed that ischemic heart disease could be triggered by events that occur during fetal life and early childhood (1). They showed an association between poor living standard during the perinatal period and ischemic heart disease in adulthood. This lifestyle possibly goes along with intrauterine growth retardation. Despite criticisms about the validity of their observations (2), the association between low birth weight and adult diseases is now further supported by several studies with similar findings (3-6). Moreover, the understanding of the mechanisms of this association represents a challenge for investigators in this area.Intrauterine growth is controlled by a complex interplay of maternal and fetal factors, including circulatory, endocrine, and metabolic systems (7). An increasing number of studies have shown that small modifications in fetal growth may have profound consequences in later life (8 -10).

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“…Модели плацентар-ной недостаточности у крыс создаются путем частичной обструкции маточных артерий [13]. Оказалось, что уве-личение потребления поваренной соли беременными крысами приводит к плацентарной дисфункции, напоми-нающей преэклампсию у человека, обусловливающую АГ у потомства [14,15]. Следует отметить, что уровень потре-бления соли современным человеком примерно в десять раз выше, чем у его предков, живших в первобытном обществе и не использовавших столь широко соль для приготовления пищи [16].…”

Section: феномен внутриутробного программирования патологииunclassified

“…Аналогичные резуль-таты получены при переводе крыс на гиперсолевую диету во время беременности и лактации [14]. Как у овец, так и у крыс этот механизм уменьшения числа нефронов реализовался через ингибирование РАС и уменьшение синтеза ангиотензина II -одного из ключевых участни-ков процесса регуляции артериального давления [45].…”

Section: вопросы современной педиатрииunclassified

Kidney Disease and Perinatal Programming of Arterial Hypertension: the Results of Experimental Researches

Ковтун¹,

Цывьян²

2017

Vopr. sovr. pediatr.

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High dietary NaCl early in development enhances mean arterial pressure of adult rats

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Prenatal high-salt diet in the Sprague-Dawley rat programs blood pressure and heart rate hyperresponsiveness to stress in adult female offspring

Prenatal high-salt diet in the Sprague-Dawley rat programs blood pressure and heart rate hyperresponsiveness to stress in adult female offspring

Perinatal Salt Restriction: A New Pathway to Programming Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats

Kidney Disease and Perinatal Programming of Arterial Hypertension: the Results of Experimental Researches

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