High dietary EPA does not inhibit ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed rapeseed oil diets

Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism in Juvenile Barramundi Lates calcarifer

“…However, many studies have investigated interactions between DHA, EPA and ARA or n-3 to n-6 ratios in fish and the general consensus is that size and species differences exist and that an appropriate balance between these essential fatty acids is critical Tocher, 2015). Consistent with the present study, several studies in larval and juvenile fish such as the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Thomassen et al, 2012), cobia Rachycentron canadum (Trushenski et al, 2012), gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Atalah et al, 2011a), Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis (Villalta et al, 2008), striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex (Watanabe et al, 1989) and turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Bell et al, 1995) all concluded that EPA does not stimulate an improved growth response. However, larval and juvenile red seabream Pagrus major were found to have an EPA requirement with linear improvements in growth and survival observed (Furuita et al, 1996;Takeuchi et al, 1990).…”

Gene regulation of lipid and phospholipid metabolism in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

“…Studies have shown that both the fatty acid composition of PL and the expression of fadsd6, fadsd5, elovl 2 and elovl 5 of post-smolt Atlantic salmon were affected by the dietary DHA levels, with liver being the most sensitive tissue (Betancor et al, 2014). Hepatocytes obtained from salmon juveniles fed low DHA diets showed high capability of synthesizing DHA from 14 C labeled EPA, however, both the synthesizing ability of DHA and the gene expression of fadsd6, fadsd5 and elovl 2 decreased significantly when DHA was supplemented in the diet (Thomassen et al, 2012).…”

Fish Nutrition and Current Issues in Aquaculture: The Balance in Providing Safe and Nutritious Seafood, in an Environmentally Sustainable Manner

“…A study by Ruiz-Lopez et al [56] demonstrated fish oil-like levels of DHA and EPA produced by the transgenic oilseed camelina, while avoiding accumulation of undesirable fatty acids. Atlantic salmon fed GM rapeseed oil and yeast containing high levels of DHA and EPA showed high retention of LC ω3 PUFA in the flesh [45,57]. The benefits of producing LC ω3 PUFA in plants are clear: a sustainable and non-contaminated source of important fatty acids essential to human nutrition.…”