Abstract:As a representative of gymnosperms, the discovery of natural haploids of Ginkgo biloba L. has opened a new door for its research. Haploid germplasm has always been a research material of interest to researchers because of its special characteristics. However, we do not yet know the special features and mechanisms of haploid ginkgo following this significant discovery. In this study, we conducted a homogenous garden experiment on haploid and diploid ginkgo to explore the differences in growth, physiology and bi… Show more
“…The number of genes specific to the G4 subpopulation was low compared with the other three subpopulations and was significantly enriched in the autophagy–other eukaryotes and MAPK signaling pathway–plant pathways. The MAPK signaling pathway–plant is extensively involved in plant immune and environmental stress responses in ginkgo [ 28 ].…”
Ginkgo biloba is worldwide an economically valuable tree. The species has nearly got extinct during the Quaternary which likely result in reduction of its genetic variability. This is now conserved in few natural populations in China and number of cultivars which are, however, derived from a few ancient trees, helping the species survival in China through medieval times. Despite the recent interest on ginkgo, however, the detail knowledge of its genetic diversity, conserved in cultivated trees and cultivars remained poor. This limit efficient conservation of its diversity as well as efficient use of the existing germplasm resources. Here we performed genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) sequencing on 102 ginkgo cultivated germplasm collected to explore their genetic structure, kinship and inbreeding prediction. And for the first time in ginkgo, genome-wide association analysis study (GWAS) was used to try gene mapping of seed traits. The results showed that the most of the germplasm did not show obvious genetic relationship. The size of ginkgo germplasm population expanded significantly around 1500 years ago during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Classification of seed cultivars based on phylogenetic perspective does not support the current classification criteria based on phenotype. Twenty-four candidate genes were localized after performing GWAS on the seed traits. Overall, this study reveal the genetic basis of ginkgo seed traits and shed insights into its cultivation history, these findings will facilitate the conservation and utilization of the domesticated germplasms of this living fossil plants.
“…The number of genes specific to the G4 subpopulation was low compared with the other three subpopulations and was significantly enriched in the autophagy–other eukaryotes and MAPK signaling pathway–plant pathways. The MAPK signaling pathway–plant is extensively involved in plant immune and environmental stress responses in ginkgo [ 28 ].…”
Ginkgo biloba is worldwide an economically valuable tree. The species has nearly got extinct during the Quaternary which likely result in reduction of its genetic variability. This is now conserved in few natural populations in China and number of cultivars which are, however, derived from a few ancient trees, helping the species survival in China through medieval times. Despite the recent interest on ginkgo, however, the detail knowledge of its genetic diversity, conserved in cultivated trees and cultivars remained poor. This limit efficient conservation of its diversity as well as efficient use of the existing germplasm resources. Here we performed genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) sequencing on 102 ginkgo cultivated germplasm collected to explore their genetic structure, kinship and inbreeding prediction. And for the first time in ginkgo, genome-wide association analysis study (GWAS) was used to try gene mapping of seed traits. The results showed that the most of the germplasm did not show obvious genetic relationship. The size of ginkgo germplasm population expanded significantly around 1500 years ago during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Classification of seed cultivars based on phylogenetic perspective does not support the current classification criteria based on phenotype. Twenty-four candidate genes were localized after performing GWAS on the seed traits. Overall, this study reveal the genetic basis of ginkgo seed traits and shed insights into its cultivation history, these findings will facilitate the conservation and utilization of the domesticated germplasms of this living fossil plants.
“…This is consistent with the regular distribution of ginkgo flavonoids in different parts and the ploidy of ginkgo. 23 Therefore, GbPAL genes play an important role in regulating flavonoid accumulation in ginkgo. 28 Figure 6.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ginkgo root, stem, leaf, flower, seed, haploid and diploid transcriptome data was obtained from the NCBI by through decomposition of SRX4132865 for roots, stems, and leaves: 20 SRR2147720, 21 GSE128653, 22 SRP337737 23 for flowers, seeds, and haploid and diploid ginkgo. TPM values were calculated using Kallisto v0.44.0 (California, USA) 24 and homogenized using Log2 (TPM +1) for different transcriptome data, and expression heat maps were plotted using TBtools.…”
The
PAL
gene family plays an important role in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses and has been identified in a variety of plants. However, a systematic characterization is still lacking in
Ginkgo biloba
. Using a bioinformatics approach, 11
GbPAL
members of the
PAL
gene family identified in ginkgo were identified in this study. The protein structure and physicochemical properties indicated that the
GbPAL
genes were highly similar. Based on their exon-intron structures, they can be classified into three groups. A total of 62 cis-elements for hormone, light, and abiotic stress responses were identified in the promoters of
GbPAL
genes, indicating that
PAL
is a multifunctional gene family.
GbPAL
genes were specifically expressed in different tissues and ploidy of ginkgo. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the functional expression of the
GbPAL
genes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
