High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport

Assmann, Gerd; Schulte, Helmut; Eckardstein, Arnold von; Huang, Yadong

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(96)05852-2

Cited by 589 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…That PC can serve as a source of TG was previously shown in rat hepatocytes for which incubation with [ 3 H]oleic acid increased the amount of radiolabeled cellular and secreted TG with a concomitant loss of labeled PC (36). In addition, when cells were prelabeled with 1,2-di [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, part of the radiolabel was secreted as TG. More recently, we have shown that 50% of LDL-PC that is taken up by mouse hepatocytes is converted into TG (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because mice have high levels of HDL, most of their circulating PC is associated with HDL (7). High plasma levels of HDL are associated with protection against the development of atherosclerosis (8). HDL particles are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antioxidant properties, all of which contribute to its antiatherogenic effect (for a review, see Nofer et al (9)).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Membrane Lipid Phosphatidylcholine Is an Unexpected Source of Triacylglycerol in the Liver

Veen

Lingrell

Vance

2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Most hepatic triacylglycerols are believed to originate from fatty acids released from adipose tissue. Results: Lipoprotein phosphatidylcholine is taken up by the liver and converted into triacylglycerols in vivo. Conclusion: Lipoprotein-associated phosphatidylcholine is a quantitatively significant source of hepatic triacylglycerols. Significance: The role of lipoprotein phosphatidylcholine should now be factored into our thinking about the development of hepatic steatosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Membrane Lipid Phosphatidylcholine Is an Unexpected Source of Triacylglycerol in the Liver

Veen

Lingrell

Vance

2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…In men, low concentrations of endogenous testosterone were found to be associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol while exogenous androgens, including testosterone, decrease HDL cholesterol [8,11,25,54,55,56]. Low HDL cholesterol concentrations are considered unfavorable [57]. Most results on the role played by testosterone on vascular endothelium demonstrate a negative influence on functionality but are partly conflicting [58,59,60,61,62,63,64,6566].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men

Zitzmann¹,

Gromoll²,

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes.This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat content and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin. The direct and indirect role of androgens within the metabolic syndrome should become clearer if this genetically determined effector is taken into account. Methods. The hypothesis was investigated in a crosssectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males. Results. Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a five-dimensional model: two dimensions were influenced by the androgen receptor polymorphism, namely "body composition" which consisted of leptin, body fat mass, insulin, the number of CAG repeats (positive loadings) and physical activity (negative loading), and "lipid profile" which comprised low density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, triglycerides (positive loadings) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of CAG repeats (negative loadings). Conclusions/interpretation. A low number of CAG repeats were independently associated with protective parameters (low body fat mass and plasma insulin) as well as with adverse parameters (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations). This suggests that the pivotal role of this polymorphism in modulating androgen effects on cardiovascular risk factors is of a complex nature and implies that its clinical impact, similar to that of androgens, is dependent on exogenous cofactors. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:31-39] Keywords Testosterone, body fat, leptin, insulin, androgen receptor, CAG repeat polymorphism. Corresponding author: E. Nieschlag, Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstr. 11, 48129 Münster, Germany, E-mail: nieschl@uni-muenster.de Abbreviations: Ar, Adrogen Receptor; BFM, body fat mass; CAG, cytosin-adenin-guanin; CAGr, CAG repeats; FFM, fat free mass; HDL, high density lipoprotein; SHBG, sex hormone binding globuline; TBW, total body water; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Diabetologia (2003) 46:31-39 DOI 10.1007 The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men The term "metabolic syndrome" describes a pre-diabetic and pro-atherogenic state which is characterized by overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, arterial hypertension, low concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia and disturbed haemostasis [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Several cross-sectional population studies found correlations between serum concentrations of testosterone and these cardiovascular risk factors, which, however, were opposi...

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“…There is epidemiologic evidence that low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides are each independent risk factors for CAD. [14][15][16] Although the degree of benefit is not conclusive, treating HDL and hypertriglyceridemia also has been shown to reduce this risk of CAD. 17,18 The NCEP has also recommended non-HDL cholesterol as a secondary target for therapy in patients with elevated triglycerides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease—an opportunity for improvement

Khanal

Obeidat

Lü

et al. 2004

Clinical Cardiology

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Background: There are few data about lipid profiles in unselected patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD).Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics, angiographic findings, and baseline lipid status of 1,000 consecutive unselected patients with angiographically confirmed CAD.Methods: Between April 2001 and July 2002, we obtained informed consent and prospectively collected clinical characteristics, fasting lipid profiles, and angiographic results from 1,000 sequential patients with CAD confirmed by angiography.Results: In these patients with confirmed CAD, 78% had history of hyperlipidemia. Although 62% were receiving lip‐id‐lowering therapy, only 46% had a low‐density lipoprotein target of < 100 mg/dl, and only 20% had achieved all four National Cholesterol Education Program‐recommended lip‐id targets.Conclusions: Better strategies to ensure optimal lipid levels are required. One such method using computerized workflow is being evaluated in this population.

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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport

Cited by 589 publications

References 23 publications

The Membrane Lipid Phosphatidylcholine Is an Unexpected Source of Triacylglycerol in the Liver

The Membrane Lipid Phosphatidylcholine Is an Unexpected Source of Triacylglycerol in the Liver

The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men

Dyslipidemia in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease—an opportunity for improvement

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