High-Density Lipoprotein and Prostate Cancer: An Overview

Kotani, Kazuhiko; Sekine, Yoshitaka; Ishikawa, Shizukiyo; Ikpot, I.Z.; Suzuki, Kazuhiro; Remaley, Alan T.

doi:10.2188/jea.je20130006

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Although the primary mechanism by which HDL reduces cardiovascular disease risk is via reverse cholesterol transport [28], it is not known whether this same mechanism may impact PC growth. HDL has also been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant properties [29] which may slow PC growth and progression, although epidemiologic evidence has been inconclusive [22]. Finally, high triglycerides have been associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, in addition to development of insulin resistance, all of which have been associated with prostate tumorigenesis [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer studies examined the association between cholesterol subfractions —low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) — and PC. While there is some evidence that elevated LDL [12, 20] and low HDL [10, 21] are associated with increased risk of aggressive PC, not all studies reported these findings [13, 15, 22], and the association between cholesterol subfractions and risk of PC recurrence has not been widely studied. Finally, evidence for an association between serum triglycerides and PC recurrence is mixed [14, 23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Allott

Howard

Cooperberg

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

123

108

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Background: Evidence for an association between total cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively), triglycerides, and prostate cancer is conflicting. Given that prostate cancer and dyslipidemia affect large proportions of Western society, understanding these associations has public health importance.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 843 radical prostatectomy (RP) patients who never used statins before surgery within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to investigate the association between cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides and biochemical recurrence risk. In secondary analysis, we explored these associations in patients with dyslipidemia, defined using National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines.Results: Elevated serum triglycerides were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence [HR per 10 mg/dl , 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05] but associations between total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and recurrence risk were null. However, among men with dyslipidemia, each 10 mg/dl increase in cholesterol and HDL was associated with 9% increased recurrence risk (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17) and 39% reduced recurrence risk (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.91), respectively.Conclusions: Elevated serum triglycerides were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence. Cholesterol, LDL, or HDL were not associated with recurrence risk among all men. However, among men with dyslipidemia, elevated cholesterol and HDL levels were associated with increased and decreased risk of recurrence, respectively.Impact: These findings, coupled with evidence that statin use is associated with reduced recurrence risk, suggest that lipid levels should be explored as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2349-56. Ó2014 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Allott

Howard

Cooperberg

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

123

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HDL is one of the major carriers for cholesterol, which is an important regulator of cancer development (Cruz, Mo, McConathy, Sabnis, & Lacko, 2013). Epidemiologic studies suggest that low levels of HDL cholesterol and HDL particles are risk markers of cancer development and prognosis (Kotani et al, 2013; Vilchez, Martinez-Ruiz, Sancho-Rodriguez, Martinez-Hernandez, & Noguera-Velasco, 2014). As the primary receptor responsible for the selective internalization of cholesteryl ester from HDL molecules, the role of SR-BI in cancer development recently received increasing attention.…”

Section: Scavenger Receptors In Cancer Immunobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scavenger Receptors

Guo

Fisher

et al. 2015

Advances in Cancer Research

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Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.

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“…Additionally, it has been suggested that certain lipoprotein fractions, e.g. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein impact the activity of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways and subsequently tumour proliferation, migration and invasion [23]. Zhang et al [24] recently showed in a case-control study of Chinese subjects that abnormal LDL elevation is prevalent in patients with RCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative serum cholesterol is an independent prognostic factor for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic role of preoperative serum cholesterol in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the lipid profile are associated with the development, progression and prognosis of various cancers. Patients and MethodsWe analysed 867 patients, who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for RCC between 2002 and 2012. Preoperative total cholesterol levels were determined in serum using colorimetric analysis (CHOD-PAP method). The association with cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed with Cox models. Discrimination was quantified with the C-index. The median follow-up was 52 months. ResultsThe median (interquartile range) serum cholesterol was 195 (166-232) mg/dL. Decreasing serum cholesterol was associated with more advanced T, N and M stages (P < 0.001), higher grades (P = 0.001) and presence of tumour necrosis (P = 0.002). Continuously coded cholesterol was associated with CSS in both univariable (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, P < 0.001) and multivariable analyses (HR 0.93, P = 0.001). The discrimination of a multivariable base model increased significantly from 88.3% to 89.2% following inclusion of cholesterol (P = 0.006). In patients with clinically localised disease (T1-3N0/+M0), cholesterol remained associated with CSS in multivariable analysis (HR 0.90, P = 0.002) and increased the discrimination from 74.6% to 76.9% (P = 0.002). ConclusionsPreoperative serum cholesterol is an independent prognostic factor for patients with RCC, with lower levels being associated with worse survival. Its use increases the discrimination of established prognostic factors. As cholesterol is a broadly available routine marker, its use may provide a meaningful adjunct in clinical practice. The biological rationale underlying this association remains to be clarified.

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High-Density Lipoprotein and Prostate Cancer: An Overview

Cited by 49 publications

References 34 publications

Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Scavenger Receptors

Preoperative serum cholesterol is an independent prognostic factor for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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