High-density lipopoprotein antioxidant capacity, subpopulation distribution and paraoxonase-1 activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

BackgroundThe causes of increased cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not understood thoroughly, although presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and disease-specific agents were also proposed. In this study, we investigated the quantitative changes in the lipid profile, as well as qualitative characteristics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and markers of inflammation and disease activity in SLE patients.MethodsLipoprotein levels were determined in 51 SLE patients and 49 healthy controls, matched in age and gender. HDL antioxidant capacity was determined spectrophotometrically with a cell-free method of hemin-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis was used for HDL subfraction analysis. Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and oxidized LDL concentrations, as well as interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels were determined.ResultsHDL-cholesterol and ApoA1 concentrations decreased significantly in SLE subjects. Also, PON1 arylesterase activity (125.65 ± 26.87 vs. 148.35 ± 39.34 U/L, p = 0.001) and total HDL antioxidant capacity (165.82 ± 58.28 % vs. 217.71 ± 54.36 %, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. Additionally, all HDL subfraction concentrations were significantly decreased in patients, while the levels of the examined inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in SLE subjects. The latter correlated positively with disease activity, and negatively with HDL concentration and total HDL antioxidant capacity, respectively. PON1 arylesterase activity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were independent predictors of total HDL antioxidant capacity.ConclusionsInduced by the systemic inflammation, altered composition and antioxidant activity may diminish the anti-atherogenic effect of HDL and therefore may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk of SLE patients.

High‐Density Lipoprotein in Lupus: Disease Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Strategy

“…Chung et al reported that SLE patients have a lesser proportion of large HDL; however, the overall sizes of HDL were no different between SLE and healthy individuals . Other studies have also reported no significant differences in HDL size between SLE patients and healthy controls . Juárez‐Rojas et al reported that SLE patients tend to have lower proportions of HDL2b and higher proportions of HDL3b and HDL3c .…”

Correlation of High‐Density Lipoprotein–Associated Paraoxonase 1 Activity With Systemic Inflammation, Disease Activity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Psoriatic Disease

“…Recent clinical studies have investigated PON1 activity in systemic inflammatory diseases. A significant reduction in PON1 activity has been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to healthy control subjects. In addition, decreasing PON1 activity has been found to be associated with increasing levels of SLE disease activity and end‐organ damage.…”

Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi

“…Many studies have illustrated that anti oxidative capacity plays an important role in the severity of SLE (Gaál et al, 2016). In the current study, live P. chabaudi infection has resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of total antioxidant capacity in the renal tissue of lupus mice in comparison to the control (Fig.4).…”