High density behaviour of nuclear symmetry energy and high energy heavy-ion collisions

Li, Bao-An

doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01018-7

Cited by 132 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The symmetry energy is found to affect several aspects of high energy heavy-ion collisions; in particular, the neutron/proton ratio of high density nuclear matter is expected to be determined mainly by the high density behavior of a 4 [38]. The current self-consistent approximation shows that a 4 is strongly correlated to the effective mass of ρ-meson, m * ρ .…”

Section: Symmetry Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of nuclear and neutron matter in a nonlinear σ–ω–ρ mean-field approximation with self- and mixed-interactions

Uechi

2006

Nuclear Physics A

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Properties of nuclear and neutron matter are discussed in a nonlinear σ -ω-ρ mean-field approximation with self-and mixed-interactions of mesons and baryons. The nonlinear interactions of mesons are naturally renormalized as effective masses of mesons by thermodynamic consistency required by the theory of conserving approximations. The nonlinear mean-field approximation results in a thermodynamically consistent approximation that maintains Hugenholtz-Van Hove theorem and Landau's requirement of quasiparticles, and it is generally proved that the nonlinear approximation is equivalent to the Hartree approximation with effective masses of baryons and mesons.The approximation is applied to nuclear and neutron matter, which suggests that the lower bound of nuclear compressibility, K ∼ 150 MeV, be required to be consistent with the binding energy (−15.75 MeV at k F = 1.30 fm −1 ) and the maximum mass of neutron stars (M max 2.00M ). Since the contributions of nonlinear interactions are strictly confined as the effective masses of mesons and baryons, properties of nuclear and neutron matter will enable us to study the validity of nonlinear interactions of mesons. The implication of thermodynamic consistency to the hypothesis of naturalness is discussed. The densitydependence of the compressibility, symmetry energy together with effective masses of hadrons will be important constraints for nonlinear mean-field approximations, and the accumulating data together with accurate measurements of observables in high density and energy region will supply significant information in order to testify theoretical consistency of nuclear models.

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Section: Symmetry Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of nuclear and neutron matter in a nonlinear σ–ω–ρ mean-field approximation with self- and mixed-interactions

Uechi

2006

Nuclear Physics A

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“…Calculations predict that central densities of two to three times the saturation density may be reached in 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at 400 to 1000 MeV/nucleon on time scales of ≈ 10 − 20 fm/c [87]. The resulting pres-sure produces a collective outward motion of the compressed material whose strength, differentiating between neutrons and protons, is influenced by the symmetry energy in asymmetric systems [25].…”

Section: Density Probedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density

Russotto¹,

Gannon²,

Kupny³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. C

212

221

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Directed and elliptic flows of neutrons and light charged particles were measured for the reaction 197 Au+ 197 Au at 400 MeV/nucleon incident energy within the ASY-EOS experimental campaign at the GSI laboratory. The detection system consisted of the Large Area Neutron Detector LAND, combined with parts of the CHIMERA multidetector, of the ALADIN Time-of-flight Wall, and of the Washington-University Microball detector. The latter three arrays were used for the event characterization and reaction-plane reconstruction. In addition, an array of triple telescopes, KRATTA, 2 was used for complementary measurements of the isotopic composition and flows of light charged particles.From the comparison of the elliptic flow ratio of neutrons with respect to charged particles with UrQMD predictions, a value γ = 0.72 ± 0.19 is obtained for the power-law coefficient describing the density dependence of the potential part in the parametrization of the symmetry energy. It represents a new and more stringent constraint for the regime of supra-saturation density and confirms, with a considerably smaller uncertainty, the moderately soft to linear density dependence deduced from the earlier FOPI-LAND data. The densities probed are shown to reach beyond twice saturation.

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“…As to the mean-field potential of ∆ resonances in nuclear medium [14,19], it is commonly assumed in transport models that its isoscalar part is the same as that for nucleon, but its isovector part is taken to be the weighted average of those for neutron and proton according to the squared Clebsch-Gordan coefficients from * zhenzhang@comp.tamu.edu † ko@comp.tamu.edu its isospin structure [1,20]. This assumption leads to a change between the initial and final potentials in some of the processes N + N ↔ N + ∆ and ∆ ↔ N + π.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of energy conservation on equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter

Zhang

2018

Phys. Rev. C

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Based on the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, which includes relativistic scalar and vector potentials on baryons, we consider a N − ∆ − π system in a box with periodic boundary conditions to study the effects of energy conservation in particle production and absorption processes on the equilibrium properties of the system. The density and temperature of the matter in the box are taken to be similar to the hot dense matter formed in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. We find that to maintain the equilibrium numbers of N , ∆ and π, which depend on the mean-field potentials of N and ∆, requires the inclusion of these potentials in the energy conservation condition that determines the momenta of outgoing particles after a scattering or decay process. We further find that the baryon scalar potentials mainly affect the ∆ and pion equilibrium numbers, while the baryon vector potentials have considerable effects on the effective charged pion ratio at equilibrium. Our results thus indicate that it is essential to include in the transport model the effect of potentials in the energy conservation of a scattering or decay process, which is ignored in most transport models, for studying pion production in heavy ion collisions.

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High density behaviour of nuclear symmetry energy and high energy heavy-ion collisions

Cited by 132 publications

References 67 publications

Properties of nuclear and neutron matter in a nonlinear σ–ω–ρ mean-field approximation with self- and mixed-interactions

Properties of nuclear and neutron matter in a nonlinear σ–ω–ρ mean-field approximation with self- and mixed-interactions

Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density

Effects of energy conservation on equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter

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