High-Density Adaptive Ten Ten: Proposal for Electrode Nomenclature for High-Density EEG

Abstract

Purpose: High-density EEG (HD-EEG) systems and electrical source imaging techniques have revolutionized our ability to assess the potential sources of epileptiform activity and other EEG features. Nonetheless, clinical use of HD-EEG is hampered by the lack of a standardized electrode nomenclature system and the inherent difficulties encountered in visually reviewing recordings. Inefficient visual review of HD-EEG remains a major barrier to incorporating these techniques into routine clinical care. Methods: Extension of the 10-10 is first defined by the addition of 2 reference curves: the −10% and −20% axial reference curves. Electrode positions over the face are named based on facial bony structures (N = nasion, Z = zygomatic prominence, M = mandible) and over the back of the head on posterior landmarks (I = inion, S = subinion, B = Base). Then, following the 10% incremental distance rule, we define additional electrode positions. Electrodes with nonstandard positions are clustered around the closest 10-10 electrode, deemed their cardinal point. Results: The 256-electrode Geodesic Sensor Net mapped to 96 of the 120 extended 10-10 cardinal electrodes. Conclusions: Electrode position nomenclature that builds upon the international standard 10-10 system allows electroencephalographers to identify spatial areas of interest in HD-EEG relative to positions in routine use. A standard viewing montage for HD-EEG and its application with electrical source imaging boost efficiency when reviewing data and improve accuracy in recognizing epileptiform discharges. Additionally, our proposed system is not limited to a specific HD-EEG system, electrode count, or electrode layout.

Electrophysiological Activity Associated with a Cross-Modal Anapaest Rhythm: Evidence for the Vestibular Syncopation Hypothesis

“…The cerebellar extension was designed by completing the population of the Iz row, labelled using the standard nomenclature, from P9 to P10, and adding two additional 10% rows inferiorly, from P11 to P12 and from P13 to P14. Subsequent to the cap design, Heine et al (2020) published an extended electrode placement nomenclature which we have adopted here. The electrodes were Ag/ AgCl type and maintained at 10 kOhms or less.…”

EEG-ECeG coherence mapping of human cerebro-cerebellar projections

“…EEG/ECeG Recording EEG was recorded using a 104 (96 cap + 8 external, EasyCap GmbH) channel custom 10% cerebellar extension montage designed by completing the population of the Iz circle, and then two additional 10% rows below, as described in Heine et al (2020). ActiveTwo ampli ers (BioSemi, Holland) were used.…”

Vestibular-Evoked Cerebral Potentials

“…Other studies reported positive individual components around 40 ms following whole-body rotations [( 163 ); 38.9 ms] and translations [( 33 , 166 , 167 ); p38.2 ms under parietal electrodes]. More recently, IAS on the left mastoid was also found to evoke n25, p40, and n53 components under Bz, an electrode placed over the cerebellum, two rows below Iz at the midline [( 150 ); following a nomenclature proposed by Heine et al ( 168 )].…”