High definition-transcranial random noise stimulation to improve speech fluency in persistent developmental stuttering: A case study

Busan, Pierpaolo; Moret, Beatrice; Formaggio, Emanuela; Riavis, Lisa; Pisciotta, Caterina; Masina, Fabio; Manganotti, Paolo; Campana, Gianluca

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.001

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Speech therapy is the most commonly used treatment, but relapse is common ( Qureshi et al, 2021 ). Neuromodulation and pharmacology are also increasingly investigated (for recent reviews see Maguire et al, 2020 ; Busan et al, 2021 ; Qureshi et al, 2021 ; see also Chesters et al, 2018 , Garnett et al, 2019 ; Busan et al, 2023 ). For example, experimental pharmacological interventions in DS modulate the (nigro-striatal) dopaminergic system of the brain, typically by means of dopamine antagonists (e.g., at D2 [risperidone or olanzapine] and D1 receptors [ecopipam]; Maguire et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics in developmental stuttering to modulate brain functioning: a new therapeutic perspective?

Pasculli,

Busan,

Jackson

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Developmental stuttering (DS) is a neurodevelopmental speech-motor disorder characterized by symptoms such as blocks, repetitions, and prolongations. Persistent DS often has a significant negative impact on quality of life, and interventions for it have limited efficacy. Herein, we briefly review existing research on the neurophysiological underpinnings of DS -specifically, brain metabolic and default mode/social-cognitive networks (DMN/SCN) anomalies- arguing that psychedelic compounds might be considered and investigated (e.g., in randomized clinical trials) for treatment of DS. The neural background of DS is likely to be heterogeneous, and some contribution from genetically determinants of metabolic deficiencies in the basal ganglia and speech-motor cortical regions are thought to play a role in appearance of DS symptoms, which possibly results in a cascade of events contributing to impairments in speech-motor execution. In persistent DS, the difficulties of speech are often linked to a series of associated aspects such as social anxiety and social avoidance. In this context, the SCN and DMN (also influencing a series of fronto-parietal, somato-motor, and attentional networks) may have a role in worsening dysfluencies. Interestingly, brain metabolism and SCN/DMN connectivity can be modified by psychedelics, which have been shown to improve clinical evidence of some psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.) associated with psychological constructs such as rumination and social anxiety, which also tend to be present in persistent DS. To date, while there have been no controlled trials on the effects of psychedelics in DS, anecdotal evidence suggests that these agents may have beneficial effects on stuttering and its associated characteristics. We suggest that psychedelics warrant investigation in DS.

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