High cortisol levels are associated with cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) and dementia

Lara, Vivian P.; Caramelli, Paulo; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio; Barbosa, Maira Tonidandel; Carmona, Karoline Carvalho; Carvalho, Maria G.; Fernandes, Ana Paula; Gomes, Karina Braga

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.013

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This may be a limitation because previous studies have suggested the modifying role of APOE-4 on the association between cortisol levels and cognition (Gerritsen et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2008). However, recent evidence does not support the modifying role of APOE-4 in this relationship (Fiocco et al, 2008;Lara et al, 2013).…”

Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, there are other clinical studies that examined these relationships but yielded mixed findings with most studies reporting higher morning cortisol levels. In addition, some studies focused on specific study populations, for example, among APOE-4 carriers and non-carriers (Gerritsen et al, 2011;Lara et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2008), MCI subjects (Lind et al, 2007;Venero et al, 2013), and diabetic patients (Reynolds et al, 2010). Thus, these previously mentioned studies were not generalizable to the older general population.…”

Section: Blunted Cortisol Response Is Associated With Poorer Cognitivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study

Johar

Emeny

Bidlingmaier

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Blunted Cortisol Response Is Associated With Poorer Cognitivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study

Johar

Emeny

Bidlingmaier

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…However, some studies suggested that benzodiazepines could precipitate the onset of dementia or mental decline by altering or impairing higher mental activities. Along these lines, Saczynski et al [7] mentioned that depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of subsequent cognitive decline, and Lara et al [29] found that high levels of cortisol may be associated with depression and stress and may thus cause neural death. Furthermore, a study reported an increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in patients with the ApoE polymorphism, a known genetic risk factor for dementia [30] .…”

Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzodiazepine Use and Risk of Dementia in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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Background: Benzodiazepines are a widely used medication in developed countries, particularly among elderly patients. However, benzodiazepines are known to affect memory and cognition and might thus enhance the risk of dementia. The objective of this review is to synthesize evidence from observational studies that evaluated the association between benzodiazepines use and dementia risk. Summary: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled observational studies to evaluate the risk of benzodiazepines use on dementia outcome. All control observational studies that compared dementia outcome in patients with benzodiazepine use with a control group were included. We calculated pooled ORs using a random-effects model. Ten studies (of 3,696 studies identified) were included in the systematic review, of which 8 studies were included in random-effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses. Odds of dementia were 78% higher in those who used benzodiazepines compared with those who did not use benzodiazepines (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.33-2.38). In subgroup analysis, the higher association was still found in the studies from Asia (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.66-3.47) whereas a moderate association was observed in the studies from North America and Europe (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.34-1.65 and OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.16-1.75). Also, diabetics, hypertension, cardiac disease, and statin drugs were associated with increased risk of dementia but negative association was observed in the case of body mass index. There was significant statistical and clinical heterogeneity among studies for the main analysis and most of the sensitivity analyses. There was significant statistical and clinical heterogeneity among the studies for the main analysis and most of the sensitivity analyses. Key Messages: Our results suggest that benzodiazepine use is significantly associated with dementia risk. However, observational studies cannot clarify whether the observed epidemiologic association is a causal effect or the result of some unmeasured confounding variable. Therefore, more research is needed.

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“…Elevated cortisol levels have been associated with impairments in cognition [76]. Furthermore, heightened inflammation as detected by elevated circulating IL-6 levels and intracellular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes have been linked to cognitive decline [83, 112].…”

Section: Part Iv: Isolation and Cognitive Function Dementia And Alzmentioning

confidence: 99%

One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition

2014

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The deleterious effects of chronic social isolation (SI) have been recognized for several decades. Isolation is a major source of psychosocial stress and is associated with an increased prevalence of vascular and neurological diseases. In addition, isolation exacerbates morbidity and mortality following acute injuries such as stroke or myocardial infarction. In contrast, affiliative social interactions can improve organismal function and health. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Recently, results from large epidemiological trials and pre-clinical studies have revealed several potential mediators of the detrimental effects of isolation. At least three major biological systems have been implicated; the neuroendocrine (HPA) axis, the immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes studies examining the relationship between isolation and mortality and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SI. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease are given special emphasis in the context of SI. Sex differences are highlighted and studies are separated into clinical and basic science for clarity.

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High cortisol levels are associated with cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) and dementia

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study

Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study

Benzodiazepine Use and Risk of Dementia in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition

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