High contribution of new particle formation to ultrafine particles in four seasons in an urban atmosphere in south China

Traffic, marine ships and nucleation as the main sources of ultrafine particles in suburban Shanghai, China

“…27 Secondary UFPs related to new particle formation (NPF) events can oen result in increases in the PNC of UFPs by one to two orders of magnitude. [28][29][30][31][32] The potential health risks associated with UFPs are related to their different sources. 33 This is not only because the chemical compositions of UFPs are different by source and may have varying toxicity, but also because the different PNSD of these sources will determine their deposition in the respiratory system.…”

“…However, intensive computation of matrix inversion, singular value decomposition and error weighting during the solving process of PMF limit its calculation capacities for long-term and ne-size-resolution PNSD datasets. 41 These studies, which deployed PMF with reduced particle size bins, 32,36,42 sacriced the particle size resolution of PNSD. The latest research indicates that NMF is a promising source apportionment method for PNSD.…”

“…27 Secondary UFPs related to new particle formation (NPF) events can often result in increases in the PNC of UFPs by one to two orders of magnitude. 28–32…”