High-contrast dark resonances on the D1 line of alkali metals in the field of counterpropagating waves

Taĭchenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.; Velichansky, V. L.; Kargapol'tsev, Sergei V; Wynands, R.; Kitching, John; Hollberg, L.

doi:10.1134/1.1813678

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In particular, it can be shown that the amplitude-to-width ratio can be increased by a factor of several, as compared to the case of co-propagating, circularly-polarized waves. Details of the calculations and discussions of their results are published in [11].…”

Section: Qualitative Theoretical Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

et al. 2004

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The amplitude of Λ resonance in alkali atoms is limited by perturbing cycling transitions in the case of D2 line or by existence of additional trapping states in the case of D1 line. We propose to eliminate these extra trapping states by using two counter-propagating bichromatic fields of orthogonal circular polarizations. The experiment is in accordance with the theoretical proposal. The result refers to small-size cells and is important for applications in miniaturized atomic clocks. The dependence of the CPT signal amplitude on the position of the mirror with respect to the vapor cell

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Section: Qualitative Theoretical Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

et al. 2004

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“…As a result only a small fraction of atoms contribute to enhancing transmission at the clock transition, leading to very low CPT contrast, and consequently to a limited clock stability. Various groups proposed a number of techniques to improve the CPT resonance characteristics [16,17,18,19], although many of them add to the complexity of the experimental setup by requiring, for example, two optical fields of different polarizations.…”

Section: Fig 1: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a prototype atomic clock based on lin‖lin coherent population trapping resonances in Rb atomic vapor

et al. 2010

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We report on the performance of the first table-top prototype atomic clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances with parallel linearly polarized optical fields (lin||lin configuration). Our apparatus uses a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) tuned to the D1 line of 87 Rb with current modulation at the 87 Rb hyperfine frequency. We demonstrate cancellation of the first-order light shift by proper choice of rf modulation power, and further improve our prototype clock stability by optimizing the parameters of the microwave lock loop. Operating in these optimal conditions, we measured a short-term fractional frequency stability (Allan deviation) 2×10for observation times 1 s ≤ τ ≤ 20 s. This value is limited by large VCSEL phase noise and environmental temperature fluctuation. Further improvements in frequency stability should be possible with an apparatus designed as a dedicated lin||lin CPT resonance clock with environmental impacts minimized.In the recent decades impressive progress has been made in development of miniature precision measurement devices (clocks, magnetometers, gyroscopes, etc.) that use atomic energy levels as a reference [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. A promising scheme for all-optical interrogation of a microwave clock transition in chip-scale atomic devices is based on the modification of optical properties of an atomic medium under the combined action of multiple resonant optical fields. For example, under the conditions of coherent population trapping (CPT) simultaneous action of two optical fields [as shown in Fig. 1(a)] allows "trapping" atoms in a non-interacting coherent superposition of two long-lived hyperfine sublevels of the ground energy state |g 1,2 that, under idealized conditions (isolated three-level scheme, no groundstate decoherence), is completely decoupled from the excited state |e . Such non-interacting state (usually called "dark state") exists only when the differential frequency of two optical fields (two-photon detuning) matches the energy splitting of the hyperfine states, and leads to a narrow peak in optical transmission -the effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT [11]. The linewidth of a CPT resonance depends on the intensities of the optical fields, but it is ultimately limited by the finite interaction time of atoms with light. Since it is possible to obtain CPT resonances as narrow as a few tens to hundreds of Hz [12,13], one can lock a microwave oscillator controlling the frequency difference between two optical fields such that its output frequency is stabilized at the atomic transition frequency |g 1 − |g 2 [14]. Frequency stability of such atomic clocks improves for a high-contrast narrow CPT resonance. Also, minimal sensitivity of the CPT resonance frequency to the experiment environmental fluctuations (such as temperature, laser frequency and power) is required to ensure longterm stable operation of the clock. * Corresponding author: inovikova@physics.wm.edus FIG. 1: (a)Idealized three-level Λ system that a...

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“…In the case of circularly polarized light fields, for example, this restriction leads to a significant reduction of CPT resonance amplitude since a large fraction of the atomic population becomes trapped in the "end" Zeeman states with the maximum value of the angular momentum (m F = F or m F = −F ) and not in the desired magnetic-field-insensitive states with m F = 0 [4]. To mitigate this problem, a variety of CPT schemes [5][6][7][8] as well as related coherent resonances [9][10][11] were proposed and studied by different groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks

et al. 2010

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We present a joint theoretical and experimental characterization of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D 1 line of 87 Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. We observe high-contrast transmission resonances (up to ≈25%), which makes this excitation scheme promising for miniature all-optical atomic clock applications. We also demonstrate cancellation of the first-order light shift by proper choice of the frequencies and relative intensities of the two laser-field components. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.

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High-contrast dark resonances on the D1 line of alkali metals in the field of counterpropagating waves

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

Performance of a prototype atomic clock based on lin‖lin coherent population trapping resonances in Rb atomic vapor

Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks

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High-contrast dark resonances on the D1 line of alkali metals in the field of counterpropagating waves

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

High-contrast dark resonance in σ+ - σ- optical field

High-contrast dark resonance in σ+ - σ- optical field

Performance of a prototype atomic clock based on lin‖lin coherent population trapping resonances in Rb atomic vapor

Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks

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High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field