“…Typically, PC is having PBG, which is entirely broken by introducing either line defect or point defect. By breaking the defects, PC based optical devices, such as filter [14,15], directional coupler [16], demultiplexer [17,18], triplexer [19,20], power splitter [21,22], logic gates [23], switches [24,25], electro-optical modulators [26,27], add-drop filter [28,29], and sensors [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], were reported.…”