High concentrations of sodium in drinking water and raised blood pressure in coastal deltas affected by episodic seawater inundations

Scheelbeek, Pauline; Chowdhury, Muhammad A.H.; Haines, Andy; Alam, Dewan S.; Hoque, M. A.; Butler, Adrian P.; Khan, Aneire; Mojumder, Sontosh Kumar; Blangiardo, Marta; Elliott, Paul; Víneis, Paolo

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30023-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Drinking water is a major contributor to daily sodium intake, but in areas where there are large concentrations of salinity, this can become a risk factor for hypertension [ 62 ]. In Cilento, the highest sodium concentrations were found mainly in the northwestern and southwestern areas, while the central areas, where the long-lived were concentrated, had lower amounts of sodium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy and the Association of Lifespan with the Level of Some Physicochemical Elements in Tap Drinking Water

et al. 2023

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Longevity, as a complex life-history trait, shares an ontogenetic relationship with other quantitative traits, such as epigenetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to identify environmental factors that may modify the epigenome to establish healthy aging. This study explored the association between tap drinking water and longevity in Cilento, Italy, to understand whether trace elements in local drinking water may have an influence on old, nonagenarian, and centenarian people and promote their health and longevity. Data on population and water sources were collected through the National Demographic Statistics, the Cilento Municipal Archives, and the Cilento Integrated Water Service. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and a geographically weight regression (GWR) model were used to study the spatial relationship between the explanatory and outcome variables of longevity. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of longevity is concentrated in the central, northern and southeastern areas of the territory and that some trace elements present in tap water may contribute to local longevity in Cilento. Specifically, all Cilento municipalities had alkaline tap water, and the municipalities with the highest longevity concentrations had higher alkalinity levels than the other municipalities, soft to medium-hard water hardness, an amount of total dissolved solids equivalent to the level of excellent water, lower amounts of sodium, adequate iron concentration, and adequate dietary intake of manganese per day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy and the Association of Lifespan with the Level of Some Physicochemical Elements in Tap Drinking Water

et al. 2023

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“… 33 A study conducted among the adult population residing in southwest coastal Bangladesh suggests drinking saline water was associated with high blood pressure after adjusting for personal, lifestyle and environmental factors. 34 Among study participants, the mean systolic blood pressure for those consuming water with sodium from the lowest quintile was 119.4 (SD 13.7) and from the highest sodium quintile was 126.7 mm Hg (18.0). 34 Excess sodium intake from drinking brackish water has been also associated with increased gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in southwest coastal Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… 34 Among study participants, the mean systolic blood pressure for those consuming water with sodium from the lowest quintile was 119.4 (SD 13.7) and from the highest sodium quintile was 126.7 mm Hg (18.0). 34 Excess sodium intake from drinking brackish water has been also associated with increased gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in southwest coastal Bangladesh. 35 36 Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher among the pregnant women who drank tube well or pond (saline sources) water compared with those who drank rainwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the cardiovascular health effects of a managed aquifer recharge initiative to reduce drinking water salinity in southwest coastal Bangladesh: study design and rationale

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSaltwater intrusion and salinisation have contributed to drinking water scarcity in many coastal regions globally, leading to dependence on alternative sources for water supply. In southwest coastal Bangladesh, communities have few options but to drink brackish groundwater which has been associated with high blood pressure among the adult population, and pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension among pregnant women. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR), the purposeful recharge of surface water or rainwater to aquifers to bring hydrological equilibrium, is a potential solution for salinity problem in southwest coastal Bangladesh by creating a freshwater lens within the brackish aquifer. Our study aims to evaluate whether consumption of MAR water improves human health, particularly by reducing blood pressure among communities in coastal Bangladesh.Methods and analysisThe study employs a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled community trial design in 16 communities over five monthly visits. During each visit, we will collect data on participants’ source of drinking and cooking water and measure the salinity level and electrical conductivity of household stored water. At each visit, we will also measure the blood pressure of participants ≥20 years of age and pregnant women and collect urine samples for urinary sodium and protein measurements. We will use generalised linear mixed models to determine the association of access to MAR water on blood pressure of the participants.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Informed written consent will be taken from all the participants. This study is funded by Wellcome Trust, UK. The study findings will be disseminated to the government partners, at research conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT02746003; Pre-results.

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“…Drinking water arsenic concentration is associated with higher blood pressure in Bangladesh [11]. In coastal regions, high sodium intake through drinking groundwater has also been associated with high blood pressure in the adult population [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Chemistry and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Naser

Clasen

Luby

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: We assessed the association of groundwater chemicals with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Methods: Blood pressure data for ≥35-year-olds were from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey in 2011. Groundwater chemicals in 3534 well water samples from Bangladesh were measured by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in 1998–1999. Participants who reported groundwater as their primary source of drinking water were assigned chemical measures from the nearest BGS well. Survey-adjusted linear regression methods were used to assess the association of each groundwater chemical with the log-transformed blood pressure of the participants. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, geographical region, household wealth, rural or urban residence, and educational attainment, and further adjusted for all other groundwater chemicals. Results: One standard deviation (SD) increase in groundwater magnesium was associated with a 0.992 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.986, 0.998) geometric mean ratio (GMR) of SBP and a 0.991 (95% CI: 0.985, 0.996) GMR of DBP when adjusted for covariates except groundwater chemicals. When additionally adjusted for groundwater chemicals, one SD increase in groundwater magnesium was associated with a 0.984 (95% CI: 0.972, 0.997) GMR of SBP and a 0.990 (95% CI: 0.979, 1.000) GMR of DBP. However, associations were attenuated following Bonferroni-correction for multiple chemical comparisons in the full-adjusted model. Groundwater concentrations of calcium, potassium, silicon, sulfate, barium, zinc, manganese, and iron were not associated with SBP or DBP in the full-adjusted models. Conclusions: Groundwater magnesium had a weak association with lower SBP and DBP of the participants.

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High concentrations of sodium in drinking water and raised blood pressure in coastal deltas affected by episodic seawater inundations

Cited by 5 publications

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Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy and the Association of Lifespan with the Level of Some Physicochemical Elements in Tap Drinking Water

Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy and the Association of Lifespan with the Level of Some Physicochemical Elements in Tap Drinking Water

Stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the cardiovascular health effects of a managed aquifer recharge initiative to reduce drinking water salinity in southwest coastal Bangladesh: study design and rationale

Groundwater Chemistry and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

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