High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain

Huffman, J. A.; Prenni, A. J.; DeMott, Paul J.; Pöhlker, Christopher; Mason, R. H.; Robinson, Niall; Fröhlich‐Nowoisky, Janine; Tobo, Yutaka; Després, Viviane R.; García, Elvin G. Boneta; Gochis, David; Harris, Eliza; Müller-Germann, I.; Ruzene, C.; Schmer, Beatrice; Sinha, B.; Day, Douglas A.; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Jimenez, José L.; Gallagher, Martin; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Bertram, Allan K.; Pöschl, Ulrich

doi:10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013

Cited by 394 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Pollen is among the primary biological aerosol particles that nucleate ice (Hader et al, 2014). Its importance for precipitation on the regional scale has been suggested in a number of studies (Pöschl et al, 2010;Prenni et al, 2013;Huffman et al, 2013;Hader et al, 2014). Birch pollen is one of the most efficient pollen species at nucleating ice as high as 264 K (Diehl et al, 2001(Diehl et al, , 2002von Blohn et al, 2005;Pummer et al, 2012Augustin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Homogeneous nucleation of ice in supercooled water droplets is a stochastic process. In its classical description, the growth of the ice phase requires the emergence of a critical embryo from random fluctuations of water molecules between the water bulk and ice-like clusters, which is associated with overcoming an energy barrier. For heterogeneous ice nucleation on ice-nucleating surfaces both stochastic and deterministic descriptions are in use. Deterministic (singular) descriptions are often favored because the temperature dependence of ice nucleation on a substrate usually dominates the stochastic time dependence, and the ease of representation facilitates the incorporation in climate models. Conversely, classical nucleation theory (CNT) describes heterogeneous ice nucleation as a stochastic process with a reduced energy barrier for the formation of a critical embryo in the presence of an ice-nucleating surface. The energy reduction is conveniently parameterized in terms of a contact angle α between the ice phase immersed in liquid water and the heterogeneous surface. This study investigates various ice-nucleating agents in immersion mode by subjecting them to repeated freezing cycles to elucidate and discriminate the time and temperature dependences of heterogeneous ice nucleation. Freezing rates determined from such refreeze experiments are presented for Hoggar Mountain dust, birch pollen washing water, Arizona test dust (ATD), and also nonadecanol coatings. For the analysis of the experimental data with CNT, we assumed the same active site to be always responsible for freezing. Three different CNT-based parameterizations were used to describe rate coefficients for heterogeneous ice nucleation as a function of temperature, all leading to very similar results: for Hoggar Mountain dust, ATD, and larger nonadecanol-coated water droplets, the experimentally determined increase in freezing rate with decreasing temperature is too shallow to be described properly by CNT using the contact angle α as the only fit parameter. Conversely, birch pollen washing water and small nonadecanol-coated water droplets show temperature dependencies of freezing rates steeper than predicted by all three CNT parameterizations. Good agreement of observations and calculations can be obtained when a pre-factor β is introduced to the rate coefficient as a second fit parameter. Thus, the following microphysical picture emerges: heterogeneous freezing occurs at ice-nucleating sites that need a minimum (critical) surface area to host embryos of critical size to grow into a crystal. Fits based on CNT suggest that the critical active site area is in the range of 10-50 nm 2 , with the exact value depending on sample, temperature, and CNT-based parameterization. Two fitting parameters are needed to characterize individual active sites. The contact angle α lowers the energy barrier that has to be overcome to form the critical embryo at the site compared to the homogeneous case where the critical embryo develops in the volume of water....

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory

et al. 2017

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“…Since some kinds of bioaerosols can act as ice nuclei even at temperatures warm than -10°C (Schnell and Vali, 1972;Diehl et al, 2001;Iannone et al, 2011;Knopf et al, 2011;Morris et al, 2013;Joly et al, 2014), bioaerosols as an important component of aerosols in the atmosphere have been paid much more attentions over the past decades (Schnell and Vali, 1972;Diehl et al, 2001;Iannone et al, 2011;Knopf et al, 2011;Morris et al, 2013). Ice nucleation-active bioaerosols have widely been found in different regions and climates (Schnell and Vali, 1976;Christner et al, 2008a;Christner et al, 2008b;Pratt et al, 2009;Conen et al, 2011;Garcia et al, 2012;Burrows et al, 2013;Huffman et al, 2013;Monteil et al, 2014;O'Sullivan et al, 2014). Recent numerical studies show that ice nucleation-active bioaerosols can trigger the ice multiplication in the warmbased precipitating shallow cumulus clouds (Ariya et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

Wang

Sun

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ice nuclei of some bacterial origin as ice catalysts can initiate ice nucleation at temperatures as warm as -2°C in certain laboratory experiments. The ice nucleation activities of airborne bacteria in the real atmosphere may be different from those experiments. To estimate the impact of typical atmospheric pollutants including monocarboxylic acids (MCAs), dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and ammonia sulfate on ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici, we have conducted some experiments by means of the modified Vali's droplet freezing testing method in the immersion freezing mode with the mixture of the pure water and the polluted water. Our results show that the ice nucleation activity of bacterial origins can be regulated by such pollutant compounds even though the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets mainly depend on the concentrations of ice nucleation-active bacteria. Atmospheric acids can decrease ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici. However, the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets immersed with ice nucleation-active P.syringae pv lachrymans will be enhanced by the low concentration of such atmospheric pollutants.

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“…8), it is reasonable to suggest that those particles were perhaps ASOP. Also, numerous studies have reported enhancement of fluorescent particles after rain events [25][26][27][28] . Large super-micrometre fluorescent particles are commonly attributed to biogenic spores, bacteria, fungi, and so on.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne soil organic particles generated by precipitation

et al. 2016

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High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain

Cited by 394 publications

References 86 publications

Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory

Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

Airborne soil organic particles generated by precipitation

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