High concentration of black carbon in northern Pakistan: Characteristics, source apportionment and emission source regions

Haq, Ehtiram Ul; Alam, Khan; Bibi, Samina; Roy, Arindam

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119475

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In (RRBC) ∆C In(RRETS) expected number of PSC (1) The following formula as: can calculate the equivalent amounts of PSC (Npsc)…”

Section: R=mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black Carbon (BC) pollutant is a sub-component of fine sized Particulate Matter (PM2.5), which generally arise from incomplete combustion caused by various human activities and development process 1 . Atmospheric BC influencing air quality, which adversely affect climate and human health 2,3,4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air masses travelling longer distance from different areas also carry BC particles, increasing the overall BC concentration 1 . The World Health Organisation 12 estimates that utilizing biofuels to cook indoors leads in around 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year from smoke inhalation 13 .Comparing BC that has recently released to aged BC, significant changes occurred in the physical and chemical properties such as, increased "Lancing effect" of aged black carbon may lead BC to adsorption at a higher rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission of black carbon in heavy traffic areas of Jamshedpur and Ranchi: Risk exposure to humans

Hussain,

Sankar,

Ambade

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Develop.

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The suspended aerosol particulate matters are global issue towards the environmental loss as it contaminates the atmosphere. This study explains the comprehensive investigation of BC concentration and its health risk estimation in different topographical urbanites i.e., Jamshedpur (JSR), and Ranchi (RNC). The concentration of BC as 15.87 µgm-3 at JSR, and 12.16 µgm-3 at RNC using the portable aethalometer (AE-33) and air sampler (Envirotech APM 550 mini). The BC concentration was observed higher at JSR, it may be due to the high traffic load and industrial emission in AIADA region (Adityapur Industrial Area Development Authority). Similarly, concentration of PM2.5 was observed around 165.4 µgm-3, and 151.3 µgm-3 in above respective sites. The health risk was calculated around 17.4, 21.4, 10.2 and 16.7 number of PSC (passive smoking cigarette) per day concerning to health outcomes of LBW, PLFD, CM and LC respectively in JSR which observed higher compared to RNC (i.e., 10.6, 14.3, 8.5 and 12.8) which might be due to larger consumption of coal and fuel in Industrial city, JSR. Backward Trajectory analysis explained that the dispersal of airborne particulate matter mostly coming from southwestern part of India and Arabian sea in all the two sites.

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“…In (RRBC) ∆C In(RRETS) expected number of PSC (1) The following formula as: can calculate the equivalent amounts of PSC (Npsc)…”

Section: R=mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emission of black carbon in heavy traffic areas of Jamshedpur and Ranchi: Risk exposure to humans

Hussain,

Sankar,

Ambade

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Develop.

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“…The air mass trajectory analysis is carried out worldwide to understand the contribution of atmospheric particles that have travelled long distances to reach the receptor region. This analysis aids in statistically identifying the source regions and possible pathways followed by the pollutants [36][37][38]. In this study, the data of meteorological inputs were retrieved from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) with a horizontal resolution of 1.0 • × 1.0 • .…”

Section: Air Mass Trajectory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Spatiotemporal Variation in Light-Absorbing Aerosols and Its Relationship with Meteorology over the Hindukush–Himalaya–Karakoram Region

et al. 2023

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Light-absorbing aerosols such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and dust can cause the warming and melting of glaciers by absorbing sunlight. Further research is needed to understand the impact of light-absorbing aerosols on the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya region in northern Pakistan. Therefore, spatiotemporal variation in absorbing surface mass concentration retrieved from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, optical properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) from the ozone monitoring instrument, and meteorological parameters from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis were investigated over northern Pakistan from 2001 to 2021. The BC concentration was lowest in May and highest in November, having a seasonal maximum peak in winter (0.31 ± 0.04 µg/m3) and minimum peak in spring (0.17 ± 0.01 µg/m3). In addition, OC concentration was found to be greater in November and smaller in April, with a seasonal higher peak in autumn (1.32 ± 0.32 µg/m3) and a lower peak in spring (0.73 ± 0.08 µg/m3). The monthly and seasonal variabilities in BC and OC concentrations are attributed to solid fuels, biomass burning, changes in vegetation, agricultural activities, and meteorology. In contrast, the dust concentration was high in July and low in December, with a seasonal average high concentration in summer (44 ± 9 µg/m3) and low concentration in winter (13 ± 2 µg/m3) due to drier conditions, dust activity, long-range transport, and human activities. Moreover, the seasonal variation in AOD and AAOD was identical and higher in the summer and lower in the winter due to dust aerosol loading and frequent dust activities. AOD and AAOD followed a similar pattern of spatial variation over the study area. Meteorological parameters greatly impact light-absorbing aerosols; therefore, low temperatures in winter increase BC and OC concentrations due to shallow boundary layers, while severe precipitation in spring decreases concentrations. During summer, dry conditions cause soil erosion and increase the amount of dust suspended in the atmosphere, leading to higher AOD and AAOD values. Conversely, higher precipitation rates and speedy winds disperse the dust aerosols in winter, resulting in lower AOD and AAOD values.

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“…Black carbon (BC) absorbs visible and infrared radiations, causing the atmosphere to warm and the surface to cool(Ghauri et al 2019). Black carbon is one of the absorbing components of solar radiation that causes severe effects on Human health(ul Haq et al 2022). It is shown that there is high concentration of carbon black over Punjab, especially in central Punjab which lies from 0.034 to 0.038, because of crop residue burning and high anthropogenic activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the aerosol index and its relationship with meteorological parameters over Pakistan using remote sensing

Khan

Tariq

Haq

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particulate pollution has become a major issue in developing countries including Pakistan. Aerosols are causing severe impacts on climate and human health. To understand the effects of aerosols on the environment and human health, we must first understand their optical and physical properties. In this paper, we used ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) retrieved ultraviolet aerosol index (UVAI) to analyze spatial and temporal distribution, annual and seasonal trends of absorbing aerosols, and their relationship with meteorological parameters (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) over Pakistan from October 2004 to December 2021. Significant spatiotemporal changes in UVAI values were found with high values in southern and central regions and low values in northern regions of Pakistan. The mean UVAI over Pakistan showed an increasing trend of 2.89% year −1 . Seasonally, UVAI increases at the rate of 3.97% winter −1 , 3.24% autumn −1 , 0.81% summer −1 , and 0.71% spring −1 . A strong positive correlation of UVAI with precipitation and temperature (~ 0.6) is observed in the central and southern regions of Pakistan. A negative and positive correlation of −0.3223 and 0.4284 of UVAI with CO 2 emissions and primary industry is observed in Pakistan, respectively. We also found potential sources of aerosols over major cities of Pakistan using the Hybrid Single Particle Langrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. It determines that the dominant aerosols over Karachi are natural aerosols like sea salt and dust particles and anthropogenic aerosols are dominant over Lahore. Moreover, the natural and anthropogenic factors influencing absorbing aerosols are also discussed herein. Considering the outcomes of this study different methods would be used to reduce the concentration of particulate pollution like afforestation, efficient fuel energy consumption, promotion of public transport networks, etc.

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High concentration of black carbon in northern Pakistan: Characteristics, source apportionment and emission source regions

Cited by 8 publications

References 75 publications

Emission of black carbon in heavy traffic areas of Jamshedpur and Ranchi: Risk exposure to humans

Emission of black carbon in heavy traffic areas of Jamshedpur and Ranchi: Risk exposure to humans

Exploring the Spatiotemporal Variation in Light-Absorbing Aerosols and Its Relationship with Meteorology over the Hindukush–Himalaya–Karakoram Region

Variations in the aerosol index and its relationship with meteorological parameters over Pakistan using remote sensing

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