High coating of Ru(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes on gold nanoparticles for single particle luminescence imaging in cells

Rogers, Nicola J.; Claire, Sunil; Harris, R. M.; Farabi, Shiva; Zikeli, Gerald; Styles, Iain B.; Hodges, Nikolas J.; Pikramenou, Zoe

doi:10.1039/c3cc47606e

Cited by 49 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Reagent grade 4,4 -dimethoxy-2,2 -bipyridine, 6-bromohex-1-ene, HAuCl 4 , IrCl 3 , Zonyl7950 R CH 3 C(=CH 2 )COOC 2 H 4 (CF 2 ) n F and 2-phenylpyridine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 4,4 -dihydroxy-2,2 -bipyridine [31] BpyHex [19], [Ir(ppy) 2 (μ-Cl)] 2 [32] and AuNP13 [33] were synthesized according to published procedures. Detailed synthetic scheme of the metal complex is included in the Supplementary Information.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iridium complex, IrSH was synthesized from the bis-cyclometallated μ-dichloro bridged complex, [Ir(ppy) 2 (μ-Cl)] 2 [32], and bipyridine ligand, bpyhex, following introduction of the thioacetal group [19]. Prior to addition to the nanoparticles, the iridium complex IrSAc was fully characterized and its photophysical properties studied in both aerated CH 3 CN and aerated water with 1% CH 3 CN, to emulate the solvent conditions within an aqueous colloidal dispersion, while facilitating solubility.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Irs•aunpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we introduce iridium-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles for imaging of blood flow dynamics. We have developed, water-soluble iridium-coated nanoparticles using a surfactant-mediated coating strategy [19,20] which allows formation of stable up to 100 nm luminescent gold nanoparticles in water. Gold provides an inert scaffold with sizes that can be tuned for the requirement of imaging, yet retaining the water solubility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gold nanoparticle allows attachment of multiple photoactive metals and visualization of the probes in low concentrations, yet detectable by luminescence. We have used a fluorinated surfactant for the preparation of the gold nanoparticles [19] 13 and 100 nm, IrS•AuNP13 and IrS•AuNP100 respectively, which have been isolated and fully characterized. The 100 nm gold particles have been identified as an ideal size for visualization in blood as they provide a surface with high coating of luminescent probes and are visualized as nonaggregated particles in flow, even though they are in subdiffraction limit.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tailoring Iridium Luminescence and Gold Nanoparticle Size for Imaging of Microvascular Blood Flow

Rogers

Jeffery

Claire

et al. 2017

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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Aim:Imaging of blood flow in narrow channels and close to vessel walls is important in cardiovascular research for understanding pathogenesis. Our aim was to provide novel nanoprobes with visible emission and long lifetimes as trackers of flow. Materials & methods: Gold nanoparticles coated with an iridium complex were prepared. Luminescence imaging was used to monitor their flows in different hematocrit blood and in murine tissues. Results: The velocities are independent of hematocrit level and the nanoparticles entering blood circulation can be clearly detected in vessels in lungs, mesentery and the skeletal muscle. Conclusion: The work introduces for the first time iridium-based yellow-green luminescence with nanoparticle size of 100 nm for visualizing and monitoring flows with much higher resolution than conventional alternatives.

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Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Irs•aunpmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring Iridium Luminescence and Gold Nanoparticle Size for Imaging of Microvascular Blood Flow

Rogers

Jeffery

Claire

et al. 2017

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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“…At the present stage, various types of luminescent lanthanide complexes have been reported [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers as the thermostable luminescent materials have recently been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable Nano Luminophores Composed of Europium Ions and Organic Ligands

Onodera

Nakajima

Nakanishi

et al. 2015

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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The luminescent nanoparticles with Eu(III) ions are reported. Standard nanoparticles are prepared by the reaction of europium chloride with dpp (diphenylphospinic acid) joint ligands. The size-controlled nanoparticles are synthesized by the reaction of Eu(hfa)3(H2O)2 (hfa: hexafluoroacetylacetonate) with bidentate dpbp ligands (dpbp: 4,4'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)biphenyl) and monodentate ligands (TPPO: triphenylphosphine oxide). Their particle sizes were characterized using TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Their luminescence properties were estimated by the emission spectra and lifetimes.

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Incorporation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes into Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

2020

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Ru(II) metal center. [2] They absorb light and emit wavelength within the red and the near infrared (NIR) spectral regions and possess large Stokes shift, long luminescence lifetime, and potential twophoton (2P) absorption properties. These characteristics have made them highly desirable across numerous research fields such as catalysis, [3] solar energy, [4] sensors [5] and now across the biomedical field either in diagnostics as cellular imaging tools, luminescent probes of DNA structures or in therapy as new classes of anticancer drugs for chemotherapy and photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). [6-11] Worthy of note, a Ru(II) polypyridyl compound (TLD1433) has recently entered phase II clinical trials in Canada for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer as a PS for PDT. [12] However, these complexes still suffer from some drawbacks such as poor water solubility, lack of targeting capability, nonspecific distribution, systemic toxicity and hence, low therapeutic index hampering their translation into the clinic. One strategy to address those medical challenges is to use nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is the application of sub-micron particles (i.e., nanoparticles) in the field of medicine. The materials used for the synthesis and/ or formulation of nanoparticles are extremely diverse, ranging from organic to inorganic molecules (Figure 1). [13] The unique features of nanoparticles including small size, high surface area, surface chemistry, water solubility and multifunctionality make them highly interesting for drug delivery purposes. [14,15] Owing to their size, nanoparticles can passively accumulate to solid tumors while sparing healthy cells thanks to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. [16] The EPR effect exploits the abnormalities of tumor vasculature, namely hypervascularity, atypical vascular architecture, leaky vasculature, and lack of lymphatic drainage. This results in the efficient extravasation of nanoparticles from the tumor vasculature and their retention in the tumor interstitium. Therefore, drug incorporation into nanoparticles provides significant improvements in pharmacokinetics, solubility, toxicity, and biodistribution when compared to freely administered molecules, reducing adverse side effects observed with conventional medicine. However, to take full advantage of the EPR effect, nanoparticles must remain in circulation long enough for tumor accumulation. PEGylation, which refers to modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains or PEG copolymers (e.g., Jeffamine), is the most common strategy for imparting stealth properties to nanoparticles. [17] The presence of PEG enables steric stabilization Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes are compounds of great interest in cancer therapy due to their unique photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. For effective treatment, they must be able to penetrate tumor cells effectively and selectively. The development of nanoscale carriers capable of delivering Ru(I...

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High coating of Ru(ii) complexes on gold nanoparticles for single particle luminescence imaging in cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Tailoring Iridium Luminescence and Gold Nanoparticle Size for Imaging of Microvascular Blood Flow

Tailoring Iridium Luminescence and Gold Nanoparticle Size for Imaging of Microvascular Blood Flow

Thermostable Nano Luminophores Composed of Europium Ions and Organic Ligands

Incorporation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes into Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

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