High CO2 and marine animal behaviour: Potential mechanisms and ecological consequences

Briffa, Mark; Haye, Kate de la; Munday, Philip L.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.032

Cited by 183 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Avoidance responses to sea stars are similar across a breadth of gastropods, potentially indicating a common biochemical or neurological pathway for sensing [18][19][20][21][22]. If this situation indeed applies-for example, if GABA receptors are involved-a non-trivial subset of the invertebrate food web on eastern Pacific shorelines could be influenced by OA, not only through direct effects of altered carbonate chemistry on growth or survival of specific taxa as is widely recognized [3], but also by altered abilities of many such species to evade predators within the system [45]. Such impaired anti-predator responses could moreover modulate indirect species interactions that emerge from particular predator-dependent prey behaviours (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator

Jellison

Ninokawa

Hill³

et al. 2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Organism-level effects of ocean acidification (OA) are well recognized. Less understood are OA's consequences for ecological species interactions. Here, we examine a behaviourally mediated predator-prey interaction within the rocky intertidal zone of the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean, using it as a model system to explore OA's capacity to impair invertebrate anti-predator behaviours more broadly. Our system involves the iconic sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, that elicits flee responses in numerous gastropod prey. We examine, in particular, the capacity for OA-associated reductions in pH to alter flight behaviours of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, an oftenabundant and well-studied grazer in the system. We assess interactions between these species at 16 discrete levels of pH, quantifying the full functional response of Tegula under present and near-future OA conditions. Results demonstrate the disruption of snail anti-predator behaviours at low pH, with decreases in the time individuals spend in refuge locations. We also show that fluctuations in pH, including those typical of rock pools inhabited by snails, do not materially change outcomes, implying little capacity for episodically benign pH conditions to aid behavioural recovery. Together, these findings suggest a strong potential for OA to induce cascading community-level shifts within this long-studied ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator

Jellison

Ninokawa

Hill³

et al. 2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…The vast majority of these experiments and observations, however, do not account for the influence of species and system responses that follow biological rhythms or take extended periods of time to develop; they are either too short in duration (median length of experiment for broad response categories in days: survival ¼ 35 (n¼ 68) , growth ¼ 25 (n¼ 155) , calcification ¼ 21 (n¼ 92) , photosynthesis ¼ 14 (n¼ 76) and development ¼ 5 (n¼ 29) (K. J. Kroeker 2013, personal communication, based on [30]) or, in the case of field studies, are sufficiently small in scale that other small-scale processes (e.g. rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil Trans R Soc B 368: 20130186 spatio-temporal relief from perturbation through avoidance behaviour [20], presence of collinear environmental factors [97]) may mask or subsidize the full extent of any response. Here, we find strong evidence for effects of warming and ocean acidification mediated over approximately 18 months through complex interactions on species growth, behaviour and related levels of ecosystem functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions

Godbold

Solan

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

108

103

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Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions Jasmin A. Godbold and Martin Solan Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Center Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK Warming of sea surface temperatures and alteration of ocean chemistry associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will have profound consequences for a broad range of species, but the potential for seasonal variation to modify species and ecosystem responses to these stressors has received little attention. Here, using the longest experiment to date (542 days), we investigate how the interactive effects of warming and ocean acidification affect the growth, behaviour and associated levels of ecosystem functioning (nutrient release) for a functionally important non-calcifying intertidal polychaete (Alitta virens) under seasonally changing conditions. We find that the effects of warming, ocean acidification and their interactions are not detectable in the short term, but manifest over time through changes in growth, bioturbation and bioirrigation behaviour that, in turn, affect nutrient generation. These changes are intimately linked to species responses to seasonal variations in environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod) that, depending upon timing, can either exacerbate or buffer the long-term directional effects of climatic forcing. Taken together, our observations caution against over emphasizing the conclusions from short-term experiments and highlight the necessity to consider the temporal expression of complex system dynamics established over appropriate timescales when forecasting the likely ecological consequences of climatic forcing. IntroductionSince the industrial revolution, CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use have steadily increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration from preindustrial levels of 280 ppm to currently approximately 385 ppm; these levels are projected to increase to 700-1000 ppm by the end of the twenty-first century [1], causing concomitant changes in global sea surface temperature (2-4.58C rise [2]) and chemistry (e.g. 0.4 -0.5 pH reduction [2]). Although historical records indicate that atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and sea surface temperatures have undergone significant oscillations and have exceeded present-day levels in the past [3,4], it is the unprecedented rates of change that are fuelling concerns over whether organisms will retain the capacity to mediate vital ecosystem functions and services [5,6]. A key component in answering this question will be a need to establish the likelihood, and realized extent, of species acclimation (or adaptation) to environmental change [7,8] and, if common across functionally important taxa, how such coping and adaptive strategies will alter species -environment interactions in the long term [9].Over the last decade, the impacts of warming and ocean acidif...

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“…High levels of anthropogenic acoustic noise, for instance, can mask acoustic communication. Chemical emission on the other hand can impair olfactory orientation [5][6][7]. However, anthropogenic activities often produce stimuli in multiple modalities simultaneously, like the joint emission of acoustic and chemical pollutants by automobile traffic.…”

Section: A Multimodal View Of Sensory Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution going multimodal: the complex impact of the human-altered sensory environment on animal perception and performance

2015

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Anthropogenic sensory pollution is affecting ecosystems worldwide. Human actions generate acoustic noise, emanate artificial light and emit chemical substances. All of these pollutants are known to affect animals. Most studies on anthropogenic pollution address the impact of pollutants in unimodal sensory domains. High levels of anthropogenic noise, for example, have been shown to interfere with acoustic signals and cues. However, animals rely on multiple senses, and pollutants often co-occur. Thus, a full ecological assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities requires a multimodal approach. We describe how sensory pollutants can co-occur and how covariance among pollutants may differ from natural situations. We review how animals combine information that arrives at their sensory systems through different modalities and outline how sensory conditions can interfere with multimodal perception. Finally, we describe how sensory pollutants can affect the perception, behaviour and endocrinology of animals within and across sensory modalities. We conclude that sensory pollution can affect animals in complex ways due to interactions among sensory stimuli, neural processing and behavioural and endocrinal feedback. We call for more empirical data on covariance among sensory conditions, for instance, data on correlated levels in noise and light pollution. Furthermore, we encourage researchers to test animal responses to a full-factorial set of sensory pollutants in the presence or the absence of ecologically important signals and cues. We realize that such approach is often time and energy consuming, but we think this is the only way to fully understand the multimodal impact of sensory pollution on animal performance and perception.

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High CO2 and marine animal behaviour: Potential mechanisms and ecological consequences

Cited by 183 publications

References 73 publications

Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator

Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator

Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions

Pollution going multimodal: the complex impact of the human-altered sensory environment on animal perception and performance

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