High co-prevalence of genogroup 1 TT virus and human papillomavirus is associated with poor clinical outcome of laryngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Background: The aetiology and factors leading to the progression of laryngeal cancer are still unclear. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) has been suggested to play a role, reports concerning the effect of HPV infection on tumour development are controversial. Recently, transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) was suggested to play a role in certain infections as a causative or coinfecting agent. Aims: To investigate whether the development and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with coinfection with TTV and HPV. Methods: The prevalence of TTV and HPV was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples from 40 healthy individuals, 10 patients with recurrent papillomatosis, five patients with papillomatosis with malignant transformation, and 25 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The obtained prevalence data were compared and analysed statistically. Results: In the 11 patients with carcinoma who had metastasis or relapse there was a high rate of coinfection with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV (eight of 11), whereas in the 14 without tumour progression no coinfection was found. Coinfection was associated with significantly lower tumour free survival in patients with carcinoma (p , 0.001). Furthermore, four of five patients who had papillomatosis with malignant transformation were coinfected with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV. Conclusions: Although the nature of cooperation between HPV and TTV needs to be investigated further, coinfection with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV appears to be associated with poor clinical outcome in laryngeal cancer.

Human Papillomavirus in Non-Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Compared to oral carcinomas, a greater diversity of other HPV types has been detected: HPV18, HPV26, HPV31, HPV33, HPV39, HPV36, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV58, HPV59, HPV66, and HPV69 [8,9,14,20,26,29,39,65,71,90,94]. Low-risk HPV are uncommonly detected, and might represent incidental ''bystander'' rather than possibly ''driver'' infection [29,39,65,75,90,94].…”

“…Low-risk HPV are uncommonly detected, and might represent incidental ''bystander'' rather than possibly ''driver'' infection [29,39,65,75,90,94]. Rarely, integrated low-risk HPV has been found; viral integration does suggest viral-mediated carcinogenesis [90,94]. Head and Neck Pathol (2012) 6:S104-S120 S109 …”

Transfusion transmitted virus: A review on its molecular characteristics and role in medicine

“…Similarities of prevalence of TTV between patients with and without infection by H pylori, and prevalence of H pylori between patients with and without infection by TTV, as well as the discrepancy in age distributions between prevalence of TTV and H pylori in our patients with peptic ulcer disease indicate that no correlation exists between TTV and H pylori infection, even though the two agents have similar age distributions in the general population and similar routes of transmission have been suggested for the two agents [115] . According to one report, the high prevalence of genogroup 1 TT virus infection in patients with laryngeal cancer and its striking co-prevalence with human papilloma virus infection is biologically important in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx [116] . TTV might replicate in the respiratory tract [117] .…”

TT virus in peripheral blood cells from patients with human papillomavirus (HPV): investigating association with cervical carcinoma

“…Cofactors that modify the risk in HPV DNA positive women include the use of oral contraceptives for five or more years, smoking, high parity and previous exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases (Bosch and de Sanjose 2007). Szladek et al (2005) reported that coinfection with a virus named Torque Teno Virus (TTV), belonging to genogroup 1 and HPV promoted the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. This TT Virus was first described in the patients with posttransfusion hepatitis by Nishizawa et al (1997) who designated this agent as TTV after the initials of the patient in whom it was discovered.…”