High Cessation Rates of Cigarette Smoking in Subjects With and Without COPD

Willemse, Brigitte; Lesman‐Leegte, Ivonne; Timens, Wim; Postma, Dirkje S.; Hacken, Nick ten

doi:10.1378/chest.128.5.3685

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Next to this, participants received much information about their health status, which further encouraged them to quit. This approach is discussed in more detail elsewhere [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 1-year smoking cessation on airway inflammation in COPD and asymptomatic smokers

Willemse

Hacken

Rutgers

et al. 2006

Respiratory Medicine: COPD Update

120

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Smoking cessation is the only treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) effective in slowing down disease progression. Its effect on airway inflammation in COPD is unknown, although cross-sectional studies suggest ongoing inflammation in ex-smokers.In order to elucidate the effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation, 28 smokers with COPD (mean age: 55 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second: 71% predicted) and 25 asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function (aged 50 yrs) were included in a 1-yr smoking cessation programme. Effects of smoking cessation on airway inflammation were investigated in bronchial biopsies (baseline, 12 months) and sputum samples (baseline, 2, 6 and 12 months).In the 12 candidates with COPD who successfully ceased smoking, airway inflammation persisted in bronchial biopsies, while the number of sputum neutrophils, lymphocytes, interleukin (IL)-8 and eosinophilic-cationic-protein levels significantly increased at 12 months. In the 16 asymptomatic smokers who successfully quitted, inflammation significantly reduced (i.e. number of sputum macrophages, percentage of eosinophils and IL-8 levels) or did not change.The current authors suggest that the observed persistent airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to repair of tissue damage in the airways. It remains to be elucidated whether this reflects a beneficial or detrimental effect.

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“…Next to this, participants received much information about their health status, which further encouraged them to quit. This approach is discussed in more detail elsewhere [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 1-year smoking cessation on airway inflammation in COPD and asymptomatic smokers

Willemse

Hacken

Rutgers

et al. 2006

Respiratory Medicine: COPD Update

120

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“…These findings point to a possible immune mechanism of lung inflammation in COPD (Willemse et al, 2005).…”

Section: Cytotoxic T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Smoking cessation is the only treatment strategy against COPD that is proven to be effective in slowing down the disease progression (Ricciardolo et al, 2005). The effects of smoking cessation on airway inflammation are unknown, although crosssectional studies suggest ongoing inflammation also in ex-smokers (Willemse et al, 2005).…”

Section: Smoking-induced Changes In Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress in lung injury induced by cigarette smoke

Kluchová

Tkáčová

2006

Biologia

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Oxidative stress is a damaging process resulting from an imbalance between excessive generation of oxidant compounds and insufficient antioxidant defence mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cigarette smoke-induced lung injury, deterioration in lung functions, and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In smokers and in patients with COPD, the increased oxidant burden derives from cigarette smoke per se, and from activated inflammatory cells releasing enhanced amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS, respectively). Although mild oxidative stress resulting from cigarette smoking leads to the upregulation of the antioxidative enzymes synthesis in the lungs, high levels of ROS and RNS observed in patients with COPD overwhelm the antioxidant enzymes capacities, resulting in oxidant-mediated lung injury and cell death. In addition, depletion of antioxidative systems in the systemic circulation was consistently observed in such patients. The imbalance between the generation of ROS/RNS and antioxidant capacities -the state of "oxidative stress" -is one of the major pathophysiologic hallmarks in the development of COPD. Detrimental effects of oxidative stress include impairment of membrane functions, inactivation of membrane-bound receptors and enzymes, and increased tissue permeability. In addition, oxidative stress aggravates the inflammatory processes in the lungs, and contributes to the worsening of the protease-antiprotease imbalance. Several markers of oxidative stress, such as increases in lipid peroxidation products and reductions in glutathione peroxidase activity, have been shown to be related to the reductions in pulmonary functions. In the present article we review the current knowledge about the vicious cycle of cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD.

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“…18,19 One study was carried out in in-patients in an acute setting, with the control group in primary care settings. 20 One study was carried out in a respiratory outpatient clinic, and the control group received no support after initial brief advice.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 And one study comprised 2 experimental arms: one with individual support and one with group support, plus a control group that received no additional support after initial brief advice. 21 The interventions were led by a range of healthcare professionals, including respiratory nurses, 18 a smoking cessation nurse, 20 nurse specialists trained in asthma and COPD, a researcher trained in smoking cessation, 19 and a respiratory nurse in the experimental groups. 21 In the latter study the control group received a brief intervention from a doctor.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation Interventions for COPD: A Review of the Literature

2013

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The aim of this systematic review is to establish the most effective stop smoking intervention approach for smokers with COPD. The search strategy included the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, DARE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, between January 2006 and January 2010. References of the included studies were also screened for additional papers, and further hand searches were conducted. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials with at least one subject group diagnosed with COPD. Two independent reviewers reviewed the included studies, using a quality assessment form developed from the selection criteria. Divergence of quality assessment scores was resolved by the 2 reviewers agreeing on a score. The 4 studies selected indicate that psychosocial interventions combined with pharmacotherapy are effective in smoking cessation at 12 months post-intervention, although the effect is not statistically significant, due to small sample size and heterogeneity between the studies (odds ratio 2.35, 95% CI 0.25-21.74,). However, despite this medium effect size, due to a lack of universal use of pharmacotherapies in most of the studies, it makes a definitive comparison of efficacy difficult to determine. This review also shows the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment for people with or without COPD symptoms at 12 months, although the effect of disease severity is not clear. This review also highlights the difficulty of maintaining attendance at community-based locations, compared to acute or research settings.

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High Cessation Rates of Cigarette Smoking in Subjects With and Without COPD

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of 1-year smoking cessation on airway inflammation in COPD and asymptomatic smokers

Effect of 1-year smoking cessation on airway inflammation in COPD and asymptomatic smokers

The role of oxidative stress in lung injury induced by cigarette smoke

Smoking Cessation Interventions for COPD: A Review of the Literature

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