High Carbohydrate Intakes May Predict More Inflammatory Status Than High Fat Intakes in Pre-Menopause Women With Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

ObjectiveUntil now, studies on the association between dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes and inflammation have indicated conflicting results. We evaluated the association of fat and carbohydrate intakes with inflammatory markers in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity.RESULTS360 women with BMI ≥ 25 participated in this study. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a significantly increasing trend across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate (P=0.048). We found that the levels of galectin-3 were negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate in adjusted model (β= -0.28, P=0.04). In addition, the levels of MCP-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were positively correlated to carbohydrate amount in the diet (β= 0.23, P=0.002 and β= 0.29, P=0.002 for MCP-1 for crude and adjusted models, respectively, β= 0.57, P=0.03 and β= 1.23, P=0.003 for TGF-β for crude and adjusted models, respectively). No significant relationship was observed between inflammatory parameters and total fat intake (P>0.05). However, there was borderline significant negative association between total fat intake and TGF-β level in adjusted model (β= -0.95, P=0.05). Therefore, high carbohydrate diet may increase inflammation in women with obesity. To achieve similar results, it is necessary to perform more observational and clinical trial studies in this issue.

Food Habits/Preferences among Adults in a Tertiary Healthcare Institute

“…These may be partly responsible for the higher levels of obesity as reported by Rambaran et al (2018), where "the combined percentage of overweight and obese schoolchildren increased steadily from 12% in 2001 to 51.5% in 2018. High fruit, vegetable, and whole wheat/grain intake have been associated with decreased inflammation (Hosseini et al, 2018;Milesi et al, 2022), whereas inflammation has been linked to high carbohydrates (Karimi et al, 2021), saturated fats (Berg et al, 2020), protein, such as processed and red meats (Papier et al, 2022;Ley et al, 2014), sugar (Ma et al, 2022), and salt (Balan et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2014). Pro-inflammatory (Khatun et al, 2021) foods are unhealthy and do not fit into the Mediterranean or cardiac diet (Richards, 2020).…”