High carbohydrate increases amylase, plasma glucose, and gene expression related to glycolysis in giant gourami Osphronemus goramy

High Starch Induces Hematological Variations, Metabolic Changes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Responses, and Histopathological Lesions in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

“…Previous studies have found dietary starch levels could modulate body indices (VSI, HSI, and ISI), which can also influence animal body compositions [41,42]. The current research found that high-starch diet (20%) led to a notable increase in VSI, HSI, and ISI in largemouth bass as the culturing days increased, similar with previous studies on giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) [7], blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) [43], and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) [13]. Additionally, our findings indicated a significant rise in hepatic lipid levels over time due to high starch exposure, aligning with earlier studies on largemouth bass [44,45] and GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [5].…”

“…In most cases, adequate amount of dietary starch could enhance growth and feed efficiency, but it can also save protein by redirecting amino acids away from the oxidative process in humans, terrestrial animals, and fish species [3,4]. Meanwhile, optimal contents of dietary starch could improve metabolism and enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity in animals [5][6][7]. Nevertheless, carnivorous fish exhibit reduced capacity to digest dietary starch compared to omnivorous and herbivorous fish, as indicated by various research studies involving grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris) [8], jundiá catfish (Rhamdia quelen), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [9], and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [10].…”

“…Too much starch in the diet can cause an increase in serum glucose (GLU) levels, impacting glucose metabolism and lipid metabolic indices, like high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), etc. [1,7,12]. Previous studies have found glucose and lipid metabolic processes can be regulated by different signaling pathways mediated by serum hormones, including glucagon (GC), insulin (INS), adiponectin (ADPN), and leptin (LEP) [7,14,15].…”

“…[1,7,12]. Previous studies have found glucose and lipid metabolic processes can be regulated by different signaling pathways mediated by serum hormones, including glucagon (GC), insulin (INS), adiponectin (ADPN), and leptin (LEP) [7,14,15]. In addition, the processes of glycogen synthesis and decomposition are also modulated by these serum hormones in animals in response to higher dietary starch [14,16,17].…”

Comparative Analysis of Hepatopancreas RNA-Seq of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fed Different Starch Diets

“…The elevated expressions and enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver were easily observed in some rodent and fish species [44,[51][52][53] when the carbohydrate content of the diet was increased. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of g6pc and pepck decreased significantly under dietary glucose excess condition [44,51,53,54]. In this study, fish fed the PO diet showed lower mRNA levels of gk, pepck, and g6pd than those fed the WH and CO diets (Table 5).…”