High burden of Schistosoma mansoni infection in school-aged children in Marolambo District, Madagascar

Spencer, Stephen Andrew; Penney, James M. St. John; Russell, Hannah J; Howe, Anthony P.; Linder, Cortland; Rakotomampianina, Andriamahitsisambatra L. D.; Nandimbiniaina, Anjara Mihaja; Squire, S. Bertel; Stothard, J. Russell; Bustinduy, Amaya L.; Rahetilahy, Alain Marcel

doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2249-7

Cited by 25 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The difference in the level of awareness, knowledge of disease transmission and prevention, and attitude towards the disease between the village residents may have contributed to the observed prevalence differences. On the other hand, our findings are similar to a recent study done in Madagascar where a higher prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis infection (93.7%) was reported [38]. The slight difference observed in schistosomiasis prevalence between our study and a study done in Madagascar may be due to the different detection methods used i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and correlates of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children in North-Western Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that continues to cause morbidity and mortality in Sub Saharan Africa. Due to its endemicity, co-infection with malaria is common. The diseases cause anaemia and impaired nutritional status among children. We investigated the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and its association with malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among school children. Methods This was a cross sectional survey among 830 children in Nyamikoma village along Lake Victoria in Tanzania. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, history of drug use, and clinical data. Two faecal samples were collected on two consecutive days and analyzed using thick smears Kato Katz method. Diagnosis of malaria was done by malaria rapid diagnostic test, and haemoglobin concentration was determined using Hemo-Cue. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was 90.6% (95% CI = 88.6%-92.6%). Intensity of infection was light 24.1% (200/830), moderate 38.4% (319/830) and heavy 28.1% (233/830). Pre-adolescents (�12 years) were more infected with intestinal schistosomiasis (93.2%) than adolescents (>12 years) (84.7%) (p < 0.001). Prevalence of malaria was 1.7% (14/824), and that of intestinal schistosomiasis-malaria co-infection was 1.6% (13/824). The overall prevalence of anaemia was 24.6% (95%CI = 18.7%-30.5%). Severe anaemia was found in 2.3% (19/824) of study participants. The prevalence of stunting and wasting were 29.0% and 11.3%, respectively. On both univariate and multivariate regression analysis, only lower age was significantly associated intestinal schistosomiasis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and correlates of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children in North-Western Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…Prevalence has been estimated ranging from 17 to 33% in Burundi ( Gryseels, 1991 ), 1.9 to 73.9% in Ethiopia ( Wondimagegnehu et al, 1992 ; Abebe et al, 2014 ; Nyantekyi et al, 2014 ; Tadege and Shimelis, 2017 ; Shumbej and Girum, 2019 ), 2.1 to 18% in Kenya ( Handzel et al, 2003 ; Mwandawiro et al, 2013 ; Won et al, 2017 ), 7.2 to 88.6% in Uganda ( Kabatereine et al, 1992 ; Kabatereine et al, 2004 ; Tukahebwa et al, 2013 ), 22.9 to 86.3% in Tanzania ( Poggensee et al, 2005 ; Kaatano et al, 2015 ). Schistosomiasis has also been reported in Somalia (27.2–65.8%) ( Arfaa, 1975 ; Koura et al, 1981 ), Mauritius (15 > 50%) ( Cowper, 1953 ), Eritrea (2.4%) ( Ministry of Education, 2002 ; Lai et al, 2015 ) and Madagascar (5.0–93.7%) ( Rasoamanamihaja et al, 2016 ; Spencer et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Despite the small number of studies conducted on waterborne parasitic diseases in eastern Africa over the past seven decades, available information highlights that, prevalence of important parasitic diseases is still high in recent years. These include schistosomiasis ( Rasoamanamihaja et al, 2016 ; Tadege and Shimelis, 2017 ; Won et al, 2017 ; Spencer et al, 2017 Shumbej and Girum, 2019 ), amoebiasis ( Ekou et al, 2012 ; Niyizurugero et al, 2013 ; Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ), giardiasis ( Kipyegen et al, 2012 ; de Lucio et al, 2016 ; Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ) and STHs ( Mwandawiro et al, 2013 ; Davis et al, 2014 ; Freeman et al, 2015 ; Emana et al, 2015 ; Tadege and Shimelis, 2017 ; Stone and Ndagijimana, 2018 ). Most of these diseases are transmitted in poor water and sanitation environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

Ngowi

2020

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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Waterborne parasitic diseases form one of common and important public health and economic problems in low- and middle-income countries, though little is known on the burden and patterns of these diseases in most regions. This systematic scoping review informs on the prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa from 1st of January 1941 to 31st of December 2019. The review found limited number of published studies on waterborne parasitic diseases, though 13 of the 15 studied countries in eastern Africa provided one or more published report(s) totalling 47 reports. Focus of studies was mainly on schistosomiasis where 44.8% of the 47 retrieved studies reported it. Other frequently reported diseases were giardiasis (23.4% of reports), soil-transmitted helminths (23.4%) and amoebiasis (21.3%). Rarely reported diseases were malaria, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, dracunculiasis and trichomoniasis. Based on parasitological examinations, schistosomiasis prevalence ranged from 17 to 33% in Burundi, 1.9 to 73.9% in Ethiopia, 2.1 to 18% in Kenya, 7.2 to 88.6% in Uganda, 22.9 to 86.3% in Tanzania, 27.2 to 65.8% in Somalia, 15 to >50% in Mauritius, 2.4% in Eritrea and 5.0 to 93.7% in Madagascar. Amoebiasis prevalence was 4.6–15,3% (Ethiopia), 5.9–58.3% (Kenya), 54.5% (Rwanda), 0.7–2.7% (Sudan), 19.93% (Uganda) and 4.5–5.0% (Seychelles). Giardiasis prevalence was 0.6–55.0% (Ethiopia), 16.6% (Kenya), 3.6% (Rwanda), 21.1% (Sudan), 40.7% (Uganda), 45.0% (Eritrea) and 3.3–6.0% (Seychelles). Soil-transmitted helminths prevalence was 41.7–52.4% (Ethiopia), 32.4–40.7% (Kenya), 9997 cases (Rwanda), 85.0% (Somalia), 4.7% (Madagascar) and 1.1–84% (Seychelles), Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were the most common helminths detected. Malaria prevalence was 2.9–4.31% (Ethiopia), an annual episode of 9 million people (Sudan), 13.0% (Tanzania), 146 hospital cases (Madagascar), 1.4–2.0% (Seychelles) and <5.0% in Djibouti. It is also observed that >50% of the populations in eastern Africa region lack improved drinking water sources or sanitation facilities. This may account for the observed high prevalence of the diseases. The author also suggests likely underestimation of the prevalence as most waterborne parasitic diseases are neglected and cases likely only recorded and left unpublished in health facilities. Thus for a thorough mapping of burdens of these diseases, grey literature, including hospital records must be reviewed while interventions focusing on improved water and sanitation are likely to reduce the burden considerably.

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“…Our results also shed light on the potential use of marbled crayfish as a biocontrol agent against B. pfeifferi , which functions as intermediate host of Schistosoma flatworms in Madagascar and other African countries [27, 39]. Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Madagascar with infection rates exceeding 50% of the total population [40–42]. Several freshwater crustaceans have been suggested as biocontrol agents of mollusk intermediate hosts to limit or reduce schistosomiasis infestation [24, 43–45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ecological plasticity and commercial impact of invasive marbled crayfish populations in Madagascar

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a monoclonal, parthenogenetically reproducing freshwater crayfish species that has formed multiple stable populations worldwide. Madagascar hosts a particularly large and rapidly expanding colony of marbled crayfish in a unique environment characterized by a very high degree of ecological diversity.ResultsHere we provide a detailed characterization of five marbled crayfish populations in Madagascar and their habitats. Our data show that the animals can tolerate a wide range of ecological parameters, consistent with their invasive potential. While we detected marbled crayfish in sympatry with endemic crayfish species, we found no evidence for the transmission of the crayfish plague pathogen, a potentially devastating oomycete. Furthermore, our results also suggest that marbled crayfish are active predators of the freshwater snails that function as intermediate hosts for human schistosomiasis. Finally, we document fishing, farming and market sales of marbled crayfish in Madagascar.ConclusionsOur results provide a paradigm for the complex network of factors that promotes the invasive spread of marbled crayfish. The commercial value of the animals is likely to result in further anthropogenic distribution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-019-0224-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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High burden of Schistosoma mansoni infection in school-aged children in Marolambo District, Madagascar

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence and correlates of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children in North-Western Tanzania

Prevalence and correlates of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children in North-Western Tanzania

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

Ecological plasticity and commercial impact of invasive marbled crayfish populations in Madagascar

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