High Average Power Petawatt Laser Pumped by the Mercury Laser for Fusion Materials Engineering

Bayramian, A.; Armstrong, James P.; Beer, G.; Campbell, Robert W.; Cross, Robert R.; Erlandson, Alvin C.; Freitas, B.L.; Menapace, Joseph A.; Molander, William A.; Perkins, L.J.; Schaffers, Kathleen I.; Siders, C. W.; Sutton, S.B.; Tassano, J.B.; Telford, S.; Ebbers, Christopher A.; Caird, J. A.; Barty, C. P. J.

doi:10.13182/fst18-p2.34

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is natural to investigate deuterium Z-pinches as compact sources of fast neutrons since they offer a high conversion efficiency of stored electrical energy into fast ions [10,11]. [12] and JT-60U [13] tokamaks; FMPF-3 [14], NX-3 [15] and Limeil [16] plasma foci; Omega [17], Kaeri [18] and Mercury [19] lasers; gas puff Z-pinch on S-300 [11] and Z [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of neutron emission from mega-ampere deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at microsecond implosion times

Klír¹,

Shishlov²,

Kokshenev³

et al. 2013

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Experiments with deuterium (D 2 ) triple shell gas puffs were carried out on the GIT-12 generator at a 3 MA current level and microsecond implosion times. The outer, middle and inner nozzle diameters were 160 mm, 80 mm and 30 mm, respectively. The influence of the mass of deuterium shells on neutron emission times, neutron yields and neutron energy spectra was studied. The injected linear mass of deuterium varied between 50 and 255 µg cm −1 . Gas puffs imploded onto the axis before the peak of generator current at 700-1100 ns. Most of the neutrons were emitted during the second neutron pulse after the development of instabilities. Despite higher currents, heavier gas puffs produced lower neutron yields. Optimal mass and a short time delay between the valve opening and the generator triggering were more important than the better coincidence of stagnation with peak current. The peak neutron yield from D(d, n) 3 He reactions reached 3 × 10 11 at 2.8 MA current, 90 µg cm −1 injected linear mass and 37 mm anode-cathode gap. In the case of lower mass shots, a large number of 10 MeV neutrons were produced either by secondary DT reactions or by DD reactions of deuterons with energies above 7 MeV. The average neutron yield ratio Y >10 MeV /Y 2.5 MeV reached (6 ± 3) × 10 −4 . Such a result can be explained by a power law distribution for deuterons as dN d /dE d ∝ E −3 d . The optimization of a D 2 gas puff Z-pinch and similarities to a plasma focus and its drive parameter are described.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. Efficiency of DD neutron production for various plasma-based sources: JET[12] and JT-60U[13] tokamaks; FMPF-3[14], NX-3[15] and Limeil[16] plasma foci; Omega[17], Kaeri[18] and Mercury[19] lasers; gas puff Z-pinch on S-300[11] and Z[6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of neutron emission from mega-ampere deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at microsecond implosion times

Klír¹,

Shishlov²,

Kokshenev³

et al. 2013

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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“…Laboratory experiments with cm-length gas jets from slit nozzles had approached this regime very closely, demonstrating backgroundfree e-beams with the energy up to 900 MeV, yet at the repetition rate below 10 Hz [35]. Conversely, generating these near-GeV e-beams at a kHz repetition rate, for the applications dependent on dosage, would call for a 4 kW average-power laser amplifier, a technology of the distant future [36,37]. Evidently, existing sub-50 TW systems are limited to the modest sub-450 MeV yields.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

Kalmykov¹,

Davoine²,

Ghebregziabher³

et al. 2018

Accelerator Physics - Radiation Safety and Applications

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Thomson scattering (TS) from electron beams produced in laser-plasma accelerators may generate femtosecond pulses of quasi-monochromatic, multi-MeV photons. Scaling laws suggest that reaching the necessary GeV electron energy, with a percent-scale energy spread and five-dimensional brightness over 10 16 A/m 2 , requires acceleration in centimeter-length, tenuous plasmas (n 0 $ 10 17 cm À3 ), with petawatt-class lasers. Ultrahigh per-pulse power mandates single-shot operation, frustrating applications dependent on dosage. To generate high-quality near-GeV beams at a manageable average power (thus affording kHz repetition rate), we propose acceleration in a cavity ofelectrondensity ,drivenwithanincoherent stack of sub-Joule laser pulses through a millimeter-length, dense plasma (n 0 $ 10 19 cm À3). Blue-shifting one stack component by a considerable fraction of the carrier frequency compensates for the frequency red shift imparted by the wake. This avoids catastrophic self-compression of the optical driver and suppresses expansion of the accelerating cavity, avoiding accumulation of a massive low-energy background. In addition, the energy gain doubles compared to the predictions of scaling laws. Head-on collision of the resulting ultrabright beams with another optical pulse produces, via TS, gigawatt γ-ray pulses having a sub-20% bandwidth, over 10 6 photons in a microsteradian observation cone, and the observation cone, and the mean energy tunable up to 16 MeV.

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“…Although no down selection process has been possible during the HiPER preparatory phase, it is clear that the main amplifier will be made of a set of at two amplifiers in a multiple pass configuration (as used in LMJ or NIF). One of the possible solutions is that the gain medium will be split in many thin slabs allowing an efficient cooling through a gas cooling technique like the one that has been tested during the Mercury program [32]. Moreover, we expect to run the device at low temperature in order to increase both the laser efficiency and the thermal conductivity of the laser medium [33].…”

Section: Main Amplifier Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

HiPER laser: from capsule design to the laser reference design

et al. 2011

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HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) is the first European plan for international cooperation in developing inertial fusion energy. ICF activities are ongoing in a number of nations and the first ignition experiments are underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the USA. Although HiPER is still in the preparatory phase, it is appropriate for Europe to commence planning for future inertial fusion activities that leverage the demonstration of ignition. In this paper we shall detail some of the key points of the laser design and the way this design is connected to the capsule requirements

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High Average Power Petawatt Laser Pumped by the Mercury Laser for Fusion Materials Engineering

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of neutron emission from mega-ampere deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at microsecond implosion times

Characterization of neutron emission from mega-ampere deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at microsecond implosion times

Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

HiPER laser: from capsule design to the laser reference design

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