High autumn temperature delays spring bud burst in boreal trees, counterbalancing the effect of climatic warming

Heide, Ola M.

doi:10.1093/treephys/23.13.931

Cited by 183 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We then explored mean temperatures over a preforcing time window during the autumn/winter preceding the phenological event. For simplicity, this window is referred to as the chilling window, although the timing of this window could reflect temperatures that impact on phenology through a mechanism other than chilling, such as dormancy induction (Heide, 2003). We varied start dates (from ordinal day À120 up to the beginning of the forcing window in 2-day intervals) and durations (from 4 to 120 days in 2-day intervals) in all combinations.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the ability of plants to plastically track temperature‐mediated shifts in the spring phenological optimum

Tansey

Hadfield

Phillimore

2017

Global Change Biology

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One consequence of rising spring temperatures is that the optimum timing of key life-history events may advance. Where this is the case, a population's fate may depend on the degree to which it is able to track a change in the optimum timing either via plasticity or via adaptation. Estimating the effect that temperature change will have on optimum timing using standard approaches is logistically challenging, with the result that very few estimates of this important parameter exist. Here we adopt an alternative statistical method that substitutes space for time to estimate the temperature sensitivity of the optimum timing of 22 plant species based on >200 000 spatiotemporal phenological observations from across the United Kingdom. We find that first leafing and flowering dates are sensitive to forcing (spring) temperatures, with optimum timing advancing by an average of 3 days°C À1 and plastic responses to forcing between À3 and À8 days°C À1. Chilling (autumn/winter) temperatures and photoperiod tend to be important cues for species with early and late phenology, respectively. For most species, we find that plasticity is adaptive, and for seven species, plasticity is sufficient to track geographic variation in the optimum phenology. For four species, we find that plasticity is significantly steeper than the optimum slope that we estimate between forcing temperature and phenology, and we examine possible explanations for this countergradient pattern, including local adaptation.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the ability of plants to plastically track temperature‐mediated shifts in the spring phenological optimum

Tansey

Hadfield

Phillimore

2017

Global Change Biology

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“…The action of these environmental drivers is complex and changes along the transition from a dormant to a non-dormant state. In addition, it has been shown that photoperiod and temperature interact at various stages during dormancy induction, release and quiescence (Håbjørg 1972, Junttila 1980, Heide 1993, 2003, Myking & Heide 1995, Partanen et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the timing of Betula pubescens budburst. I. Temperature and photoperiod: a conceptual model

Caffarra¹,

Donnelly²,

Chuine³

et al. 2011

Clim. Res.

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The main factors triggering and releasing bud dormancy are photoperiod and temperature. Their individual and combined effects are complex and change along a transition from a dormant to a non-dormant state. Despite the number of studies reporting the effects of temperature and photoperiod on dormancy release and budburst, information on the parameters defining these relationships is scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and interaction of temperature and photoperiod on the rates of dormancy induction and release in Betula pubescens (Ehrh.) in order to develop a conceptual model of budburst for this species. We performed a series of controlled environment experiments in which temperature and photoperiod were varied during different phases of dormancy in B. pubescens clones. Endodormancy was induced by short days and low temperatures, and released by exposure to a minimal period of chilling temperatures. Photoperiod during exposure to chilling temperatures did not affect budburst. Longer exposure to chilling increased growth capability (growth rate at a given forcing temperature) and decreased the time to budburst. During the forcing phase, budburst was promoted by photoperiods above a critical threshold, which was not constant, but decreased upon longer chilling exposures. These relationships between photoperiod and temperature have, as yet, not been integrated into the commonly used processbased phenological models. We suggest models should account for these relationships to increase the accuracy of their predictions under future climate conditions. KEY WORDS: Betula pubescens · Controlled environment experiments · Phenology · Photoperiod · Temperature · Dormancy · Budburst Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 46: [147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157] 2011 1995, Thomas & Vince Prue 1997). The action of these environmental drivers is complex and changes along the transition from a dormant to a non-dormant state. In addition, it has been shown that photoperiod and temperature interact at various stages during dormancy induction, release and quiescence (Håbjørg 1972, Junttila 1980, Heide 1993, 2003, Myking & Heide 1995, Partanen et al. 2001.Photoperiod affects the time at which buds enter a phase of winter rest. Short days (ShDs) signal the onset of winter, which, in turn, triggers decreasing 'growth competence' (growth capability). Once the plant has been exposed to a certain number of dormancyinductive days (dormancy induction requirement), the phase of endodormancy is reached, a period during which buds do not grow even under favourable environmental conditions (Downs & Borthwick 1956, Håb-jørg 1972, Howe et al. 1996, Thomas & Vince Prue 1997, Welling et al. 1997.Chilling temperatures are the main trigger for endodormancy release (Perry 1971, Sarvas 1974, Cannell & Smith 1983, Battey 2000. The concept of 'chilling temperature' is not clearly defined, and a consistent response to chilling has not been ...

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“…In study I, the high temperatures encountered in late summer led to later growth cessation of shoot growth (in thermal time units) in the following summer, which is one mechanism of utilizing longer growing seasons. Furthermore, high autumn temperatures have resulted in later bud burst in the following spring with Betula and Alnus species, which could counterbalance the effect of warm springs that hasten bud burst (Heide 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

Schiestl-Aalto¹

2017

Diss. For.

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3 Schiestl-Aalto, P. (2017) Modelling intra-and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the wholetree carbon framework. Dissertationes Forestales 234. 44 p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.234Environmental factors have a dual effect on growth as they affect both the momentary growth rate (direct effect) and the rate of ontogenetic development (indirect effect). Photosynthesis on the other hand is the source of carbon that is needed for growth, respiration and other purposes. There are two opposite theories about the factor determining growth rate: 1) the availability of carbon for growth (source limitation) and 2) limitation that environmental factors cause on tissue ability to grow (sink limitation). Understanding the responses of the growth of tree organs (wood, needles, roots) to environmental and other factors is important to be able to understand the changes in tree growth and carbon balance in changing climatic conditions.The purpose of this study was to define the effects of temperature on Scots pine growth at different temporal scales and to estimate the relative importances of the source and sink effects on growth. For that, a dynamic growth model CASSIA (Carbon Allocation Sink Source InterAction) was constructed.CASSIA was able to predict daily primary and secondary wood and needle growth rate variation with indirect and direct effects of temperature. In addition, the temperature of warm previous late summer was observed to lead to enhanced length of the growth period (in temperature accumulation units) of shoots in the following year. Growth onset during spring was observed to be a continuous process determined by temperature accumulation, instead of momentary temperatures.Short-term growth variations in normal conditions were concluded to be sink limited because CASSIA was able to predict the within year growth with temperature and without direct effect of photosynthesis or stored carbon. On the other hand carbon source effect (gross primary production) was needed to produce the between year variation in growth. According to the results of this study, growth is limited by a complex combination of sink and source effects. Furthermore, environmental factors affect growth at different time scales varying from instantaneous effects to delayed effects from previous year(s). More research is needed to identify the factors determining the carbon flows to different processes.

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High autumn temperature delays spring bud burst in boreal trees, counterbalancing the effect of climatic warming

Cited by 183 publications

References 16 publications

Estimating the ability of plants to plastically track temperature‐mediated shifts in the spring phenological optimum

Estimating the ability of plants to plastically track temperature‐mediated shifts in the spring phenological optimum

Modelling the timing of Betula pubescens budburst. I. Temperature and photoperiod: a conceptual model

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

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