High and low pre‐inoculation temperatures decrease the effectiveness of the <i>Lr 20</i> and <i>Sr 15</i> rust resistance genes in wheat

Ramage, R. A; Sutherland, Mark W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02734.x

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yet under natural conditions, temperatures are constantly changing and the effect of this on resistance needs further investigation. It is possible that other temperature-responsive resistance genes may respond to changes in temperature in a similar way to that seen in UC1041 +/- Yr36 , rather than only requiring exposure to a temperature threshold [ 10 , 23 , 24 ]. For example, a study by Broers and Wallenburg [ 12 ] observed that a decrease in temperature increases Lr34/Yr18 resistance to leaf rust, although in this study there was no negative control treatment involving plants not exposed to the temperature change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A change in temperature modulates defence to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat line UC1041 independently of resistance gene Yr36

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRust diseases are of major importance in wheat production worldwide. With the constant evolution of new rust strains and their adaptation to higher temperatures, consistent and durable disease resistance is a key challenge. Environmental conditions affect resistance gene performance, but the basis for this is poorly understood.ResultsHere we show that a change in day temperature affects wheat resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici (Pst), the causal agent of yellow (or stripe) rust. Using adult plants of near-isogenic lines UC1041 +/- Yr36, there was no significant difference between Pst percentage uredia coverage in plants grown at day temperatures of 18°C or 25°C in adult UC1041 + Yr36 plants. However, when plants were transferred to the lower day temperature at the time of Pst inoculation, infection increased up to two fold. Interestingly, this response was independent of Yr36, which has previously been reported as a temperature-responsive resistance gene as Pst development in adult UC1041 -Yr36 plants was similarly affected by the plants experiencing a temperature reduction. In addition, UC1041 -Yr36 plants grown at the lower temperature then transferred to the higher temperature were effectively resistant and a temperature change in either direction was shown to affect Pst development up to 8 days prior to inoculation. Results for seedlings were similar, but more variable compared to adult plants. Enhanced resistance to Pst was observed in seedlings of UC1041 and the cultivar Shamrock when transferred to the higher temperature. Resistance was not affected in seedlings of cultivar Solstice by a temperature change in either direction.ConclusionsYr36 is effective at 18°C, refining the lower range of temperature at which resistance against Pst is conferred compared to previous studies. Results reveal previously uncharacterised defence temperature sensitivity in the UC1041 background which is caused by a change in temperature and independently of Yr36. This novel phenotype is present in some cultivars but absent in others, suggesting that Pst defence may be more stable in some cultivars than others when plants are exposed to varying temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A change in temperature modulates defence to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat line UC1041 independently of resistance gene Yr36

et al. 2014

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“…The temperature dependency of the mlo gene has already been mentioned, but temperature also affects resistance to other pathogens. For example, the rust-resistance genes Lr20 and Sr15 lose effectiveness as temperature increases (Ramage & Sutherland, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between fungal and abiotic leaf spotting and the presence of mlo alleles in barley

Makepeace

Oxley²,

Havis³

et al. 2007

Plant Pathology

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The hypothesis that the increased use of the powdery mildew-resistance gene mlo has caused the increase in spotting diseases of barley over the past 20 years was tested in field trials. Near-isogenic lines with alleles of the Mlo gene for susceptibility or resistance to mildew in two parental backgrounds were trialled at four sites in Scotland and two in Ireland that were prone to spotting diseases, over 3 consecutive years. Mildew was controlled by sprays with quinoxyfen. Disease levels were low in the trials, the two most important diseases being scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis and ramularia leaf spot caused by Ramularia collo-cygni . There were high levels of abiotic spotting. Lines with mutant mlo alleles consistently developed less Rh. secalis and Ra. collo-cygni , but more abiotic spots. This study indicates that the mlo mildew-resistance gene has not alone been responsible for the rise in spotting diseases over the past 20 years. Possible reasons for the rise are discussed, including the interaction of the mlo gene with the environment.

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“…In most fungal plant diseases, infection, latent period, lesion development and sporulation depend on temperature, humidity, leaf wetness duration and solar radiation (Zadoks & Schein, 1979). Several authors also mention the effect of pre‐inoculation temperature on epidemic parameters (Brown & Shipton, 1964; Ramage & Sutherland, 1995; Gijzen et al. , 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on epidemiological parameters of Puccinia lagenophorae

Kolnaar

Bosch

2001

Plant Pathology

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The effect of temperature on latent period and aeciospore production of Puccinia lagenophorae on Senecio vulgaris was determined in small-scale experiments under controlled conditions. A clear effect of temperature on latent period was demonstrated. Latent period decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. Both total aeciospore production and net reproductive number increased linearly with increasing temperature in a range from 10 to 228C. The three parameters were incorporated in models to determine the effect of temperature on epidemic development. The present study suggests an increase in the exponential growth rate, r, and the velocity of focus expansion, V, with temperature. This increase in epidemic development was caused mainly by the effect of temperature on latent period and on net reproductive number. The effect of temperature on the sporulation curve appeared to be less important.

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High and low pre‐inoculation temperatures decrease the effectiveness of the Lr 20 and Sr 15 rust resistance genes in wheat

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

A change in temperature modulates defence to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat line UC1041 independently of resistance gene Yr36

A change in temperature modulates defence to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat line UC1041 independently of resistance gene Yr36

Associations between fungal and abiotic leaf spotting and the presence of mlo alleles in barley

Effect of temperature on epidemiological parameters of Puccinia lagenophorae

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