High Amylose-Based Bio Composites: Structures, Functions and Applications

Abstract

As biodegradable and eco-friendly bio-resources, polysaccharides from a wide range of sources show steadily increasing interest. The increasing fossil-based production of materials are heavily associated with environmental and climate concerns, these biopolymers are addressing such concerns in important areas such as food and biomedical applications. Among polysaccharides, high amylose starch (HAS) has made major progress to marketable products due to its unique properties and enhanced nutritional values in food applications. While high amylose-maize, wheat, barley and potato are commercially available, HAS variants of other crops have been developed recently and is expected to be commercially available in the near future. This review edifies various forms and processing techniques used to produce HAS-based polymers and composites addressing their favorable properties as compared to normal starch. Low toxic and high compatibility natural plasticizers are of great concern in the processing of HAS. Further emphasis, is also given to some essential film properties such as mechanical and barrier properties for HAS-based materials. The functionality of HAS-based functionality can be improved by using different fillers as well as by modulating the inherent structures of HAS. We also identify specific opportunities for HAS-based food and biomedical fabrications aiming to produce cheaper, better, and more eco-friendly materials. We acknowledge that a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve further improvement of HAS-based products providing entirely new types of sustainable materials.

Mechanical, Barrier and Thermal Properties of Amylose-Argan Proteins-Based Bioplastics in the Presence of Transglutaminase

“…This results in an increase in the Tensile Strength (TS) and a decrease in the Elongation at Break (EB). This latter direct effect can be overcome using a plasticizer such as glycerol [ 14 ].…”

“…Thus, high AM starches present interesting features for bioplastics production, including a high gel-forming capacity, enhanced mechanical properties, a high thermal stability, and reduced swelling. These improvements are attributed to the entanglement of long linear AM chains and the partial retention of granular structures, which act as self-reinforcement [ 14 ].…”

Recent advances in modified starch based biodegradable food packaging: A review

“…The mechanical properties of RS-based films are dependent on various factors including crystalline structure, plasticizer type, amylose content, and the extent of plasticization of the amorphous parts [ 75 ]. The tensile strength of high amylose starch packaging films plasticized by glycerol was higher than the high amylose starch films plasticized by xylitol.…”

Starch as a Matrix for Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals and Applications

“…It is a polysaccharide that is composed of two polymers, amylose, a linear polymer, and amylopectin, and has highly branched chains [15]. Amylose is a mainly linear polymer that consists of α (1,4) linked D-glucopyranosyl units, while amylopectin is a branched polymer of α-D-glucopyranosyl units that are primarily linked by (1,4) bonds with branches resulting from (1,6) linked D-glucopyranosyl units [16].…”