High-Altitude Infrasound Calibration Experiments

Herrin, Eugene; Bass, Henry E.; Andre, Bill; Woodward, Robert L.; Drob, D. P.; Hedlin, Michael A. H.; Garcés, Milton; Golden, Paul; Norris, David E.; Groot‐Hedlin, Catherine de; Walker, Kristoffer T.; Szuberla, Curt A. L.; Whitaker, Rodney W.; Shields, F. Douglas

doi:10.1121/1.2961169

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For explosions with an increased detonation altitude the decrease in atmospheric pressure, the variation in atmospheric temperature, and the increase in atmospheric acoustic attenuation at the source location would need to be accounted for when predicting signal amplitudes and bandwidths. Herrin et al [2008] provide examples of explosions at altitudes of between 30 and 50 km, and show that although altitude corrections predict the changes in observed signal frequency characteristics, they are unable to correctly predict the amplitude of such changes. Therefore, as improving altitude corrections is beyond the scope of this study, the results in this paper are applicable to low‐altitude explosions only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the detection capability of the International Monitoring System infrasound network

Green¹,

Bowers²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A 59 station infrasound network is being established as part of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. We present a probabilistic model for predicting the network detection threshold (defined as the chemical explosive yield at which two stations will detect signals with 90% probability). We incorporate the influence of stratospheric wind and detection bandwidth while accounting for estimates of noise amplitude and propagation uncertainties. Inclusion of the stratospheric wind, using a state-of-the-art climatological model, tends to reduce the detection threshold. For 66%/ 88% of Earth's surface area the detection threshold is lower than that expected for the windless case for all/≥90% of the time. However, preferential downwind detection makes location of explosions with yields close to the threshold more difficult due to the restricted azimuthal coverage. Completing the IMS network is also important: the detection threshold for the 39 station network operating in October 2008 is approximately 45% higher than that predicted for the full 59 station network. Moreover, the absolute detection threshold values are highly sensitive to the frequency band in which the noise is evaluated. A detector simulation comprising overlapping two-octave frequency bands indicates that, when accounting for low noise at frequencies above 0.2 Hz, detection capability at low yields (<0.5 kt) may be considerably better than previously estimated. Our simulations, using a two-octave bandwidth detector and incorporating stratospheric winds from a climatological model, predict that explosions of >210 t chemical explosive (>420 t nuclear equivalent yield) will be detected over ≥95% of Earth's surface at any time of year (with a 90% probability).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the detection capability of the International Monitoring System infrasound network

Green¹,

Bowers²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…This characteristic makes infrasound a powerful remote sensing tool for probing the atmosphere (Drob et al, 2003;Herrin et al, 2008). Previous studies of the atmospheric properties using volcano infrasound (Antier et al, 2007;Fee and Garcés, 2007), and the experiment presented here, have utilized intense, continuous infrasound, which can be detectable at tens to hundreds of kilometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tracking near-surface atmospheric conditions using an infrasound network

Marcillo

Johnson

2010

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Continuous volcanic infrasound signal was recorded on a threemicrophone network at Kilauea in July 2008 and inverted for near-surface horizontal winds. Inter-station phase delays, determined by signal crosscorrelation, vary by up to 4% and are attributable to variable atmospheric conditions. The results suggest two predominant weather regimes during the study period: (1) 6-9 m/s easterly trade winds and (2) lower-intensity 2-5 m/s mountain breezes from Mauna Loa. The results demonstrate the potential of using infrasound for tracking local averaged meteorological conditions, which has implications for modeling plume dispersal and quantifying gas flux.

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“…It is also interesting that the explosive yield of the 2009 North Korean UNE was 2.2–4.8 kT, an order of magnitude lower than the yields for the Hunters Trophy and Divider tests. It is possible that because the period/wavelength of the AGWs generated by these events is correlated with yield [e.g., Herrin et al ., ], the AGWs from the 1992 US tests were able to penetrate higher into the ionosphere because they would be less severely affected by viscous dissipation, which is roughly proportional to the square of the wavenumber (i.e., ~k 2 Hines []). At F region heights (~300–400 km), the temperature is high enough that the sound speed is comparable to the speeds detected for the Hunters Trophy and Divider events (within ±1 σ ).…”

Section: Gpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric observations of underground nuclear explosions (UNE) using GPS and the Very Large Array

et al. 2013

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[1] Observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope recorded traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs), detonated in September 1992. The slant TEC (STEC) data derived from GPS observations were processed for all ray paths to isolate TIDs. For the TIDs from the Hunters Trophy test on 18 September 1992 and the Divider test on 23 September 1992, the propagated mean velocities of the TIDs were about 573 m/s and 740 m/s with standard deviations of 85 m/s and 135 m/s, respectively. For the VLA observations, the spectral analysis produced three-dimensional fluctuation spectral cubes for the Hunters Trophy event. The arrival time of the TID at the VLA implied a propagation speed of 570-710 m/s. This study suggests the global availability of GNSS tracking networks and new low-frequency (VHF) radio telescopes may offer a method of UNE detection and characterization, which could complement the International Monitoring System (IMS).

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High-Altitude Infrasound Calibration Experiments

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Estimating the detection capability of the International Monitoring System infrasound network

Estimating the detection capability of the International Monitoring System infrasound network

Tracking near-surface atmospheric conditions using an infrasound network

Ionospheric observations of underground nuclear explosions (UNE) using GPS and the Very Large Array

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