High‐altitude adaptation in vertebrates as revealed by mitochondrial genome analyses

Wang, Xibao; Zhou, Shengyang; Wu, Xiaoyang; Wei, Qinguo; Shang, Yongquan; Sun, Guolei; Mei, Xuesong; Dong, Yuehuan; Sha, Weilai; Zhang, Honghai

doi:10.1002/ece3.8189

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Purifying selection has been widely recognized as the predominant force acting on the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genomes. However, some studies have demonstrated that relaxation of purifying selection or episodic positive selection on mitochondrial genomes may occur in species that have different types of locomotion [76] or species living in extreme environments [77][78][79]. The One-ratio model analysis the ω values of these 12 genes ranged from 0.0024 to 0.0435, where cox1-3 have lower ω values than other genes (Table 4).…”

Section: Positive Selection Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genomic analyses provide new insights into the “missing” atp8 and adaptive evolution of Mytilidae

et al. 2022

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Background Mytilidae, also known as marine mussels, are widely distributed in the oceans worldwide. Members of Mytilidae show a tremendous range of ecological adaptions, from the species distributed in freshwater to those that inhabit in deep-sea. Mitochondria play an important role in energy metabolism, which might contribute to the adaptation of Mytilidae to different environments. In addition, some bivalve species are thought to lack the mitochondrial protein-coding gene ATP synthase F0 subunit 8. Increasing studies indicated that the absence of atp8 may be caused by annotation difficulties for atp8 gene is characterized by highly divergent, variable length. Results In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of three marine mussels (Xenostrobus securis, Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis, Gigantidas vrijenhoeki) were newly assembled, with the lengths of 14,972 bp, 20,482, and 17,786 bp, respectively. We annotated atp8 in the sequences that we assembled and the sequences lacking atp8. The newly annotated atp8 sequences all have one predicted transmembrane domain, a similar hydropathy profile, as well as the C-terminal region with positively charged amino acids. Furthermore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic trees and performed positive selection analysis. The results showed that the deep-sea bathymodiolines experienced more relaxed evolutionary constraints. And signatures of positive selection were detected in nad4 of Limnoperna fortunei, which may contribute to the survival and/or thriving of this species in freshwater. Conclusions Our analysis supported that atp8 may not be missing in the Mytilidae. And our results provided evidence that the mitochondrial genes may contribute to the adaptation of Mytilidae to different environments.

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Section: Positive Selection Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genomic analyses provide new insights into the “missing” atp8 and adaptive evolution of Mytilidae

et al. 2022

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“…The first problem that plateau zokors have to overcome when faced with the harsh living conditions is energy intake, as the low oxygen levels and extreme cold weather at high altitudes require more energy intake to maintain the animal's body temperature (Qiu et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2021;Du et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota facilitates adaptation of the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) to the plateau living environment

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Gut microbiota not only helps the hosts to perform many key physiological functions such as food digestion, energy harvesting and immune regulation, but also influences host ecology and facilitates adaptation of the host to extreme environments. Plateau zokors epitomize successful physiological adaptation to their living environment in the face of the harsh environment characterized by low temperature, low pressure and hypoxia in the Tibetan plateau region and high concentrations of CO2 in their burrows. Therefore, here we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to explore how gut microbiota contributed to the adaptive evolution of the plateau zokor on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our metagenomic results show that the gut microbiota of plateau zokors on the Tibetan plateau is not only enriched in a large number of species related to energy metabolism and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but also significantly enriched the KO terms that involve carbohydrate uptake pathways, which well address energy uptake in plateau zokors while also reducing inflammatory responses due to low pressure, hypoxia and high CO2 concentrations. There was also a significant enrichment of tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII) associated with antigen processing, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and cell division, which may facilitate the immune response and tissue damage repair in plateau zokors under extreme conditions. These results suggest that these gut microbiota and their metabolites together contribute to the physiological adaptation of plateau zokors, providing new insights into the contribution of the microbiome to the evolution of mammalian adaptation.

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“…This indicated the existence of strong selective pressure, with Gobiidae experiencing strong evolutionary constraints against the elimination of deleterious mutations and, hence, maintaining them. Previous studies recorded positive selection for nd5 in vertebrates adapting to high altitudes [ 52 ]. Furthermore, positive selection was recorded for nd4 , cyb , and atp8 in the adaptation of bats to flight [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability and Evolution of Gobiidae: A Genetic Exploration

Shang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Animals

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The Gobiidae family occupy one of the most diverse habitat ranges of all fishes. One key reason for their successful colonization of different habitats is their ability to adapt to different energy demands. This energy requirement is related to the ability of mitochondria in cells to generate energy via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we assembled three complete mitochondrial genomes of Rhinogobius shennongensis, Rhinogobius wuyanlingensis, and Chaenogobius annularis. These mitogenomes are circular and include 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and one non-coding control region (CR). We used comparative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome and selection pressure analyses to explore the structure and evolutionary rates of Gobiidae mitogenomics in different environments. The CmC model showed that the ω ratios of all mtDNA PCGs were <1, and that the evolutionary rate of adenosine triphosphate 8 (atp8) was faster in Gobiidae than in other mitochondrial DNA PCGs. We also found evidence of positive selection for several sites of NADH dehydrogenase (nd) 6 and atp8 genes. Thus, divergent mechanisms appear to underlie the evolution of mtDNA PCGs, which might explain the ability of Gobiidae to adapt to diverse environments. Our study provides new insights on the adaptive evolution of Gobiidae mtDNA genome and molecular mechanisms of OXPHOS.

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High‐altitude adaptation in vertebrates as revealed by mitochondrial genome analyses

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Mitochondrial genomic analyses provide new insights into the “missing” atp8 and adaptive evolution of Mytilidae

Mitochondrial genomic analyses provide new insights into the “missing” atp8 and adaptive evolution of Mytilidae

Gut microbiota facilitates adaptation of the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) to the plateau living environment

Adaptability and Evolution of Gobiidae: A Genetic Exploration

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