“…MC is an excellent thickening agent and stabilizer that is widely used in various types of food, drug delivery systems and cosmetic products ( 12 ). In addition, GG is able to form stable network structures in hydrogel solutions ( 13 ) and is widely used as a thickening agent, emulsifier and stabilizer ( 14 ). The novel culture system described in the present study solves several key problems associated with the tumorsphere culture process, including the spontaneous fusion, adherent growth, low yield and difficult procedure.…”
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to serve a key role in tumor progression, recurrence and metastasis. Tumorsphere culture is the most important method for enriching CSCs and is widely used in basic research and drug screening. However, the traditional suspension cell culture system has several disadvantages, including low efficiency, high cost and difficult procedure, making it difficult to produce tumorspheres on a large scale. In the present study, two biomaterials, methylcellulose (MC) and gellan gum (GG), were used to construct a novel culture system based on the traditional system. Subsequently, the characteristics of the novel three-dimensional (3D) culture system were evaluated, the design scheme was optimized, and the morphological and biological features of the tumorspheres cultured in this 3D system were compared with the traditional system. The results revealed that the tumorspheres cultured in the novel 3D system presented a higher seeding density and improved morphology, while maintaining stem-like properties. This evidence suggests that a simple, efficient and low-cost culture system that produces tumorspheres on a large scale was successfully constructed, which can be widely used in various aspects of stem cell research.
“…MC is an excellent thickening agent and stabilizer that is widely used in various types of food, drug delivery systems and cosmetic products ( 12 ). In addition, GG is able to form stable network structures in hydrogel solutions ( 13 ) and is widely used as a thickening agent, emulsifier and stabilizer ( 14 ). The novel culture system described in the present study solves several key problems associated with the tumorsphere culture process, including the spontaneous fusion, adherent growth, low yield and difficult procedure.…”
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to serve a key role in tumor progression, recurrence and metastasis. Tumorsphere culture is the most important method for enriching CSCs and is widely used in basic research and drug screening. However, the traditional suspension cell culture system has several disadvantages, including low efficiency, high cost and difficult procedure, making it difficult to produce tumorspheres on a large scale. In the present study, two biomaterials, methylcellulose (MC) and gellan gum (GG), were used to construct a novel culture system based on the traditional system. Subsequently, the characteristics of the novel three-dimensional (3D) culture system were evaluated, the design scheme was optimized, and the morphological and biological features of the tumorspheres cultured in this 3D system were compared with the traditional system. The results revealed that the tumorspheres cultured in the novel 3D system presented a higher seeding density and improved morphology, while maintaining stem-like properties. This evidence suggests that a simple, efficient and low-cost culture system that produces tumorspheres on a large scale was successfully constructed, which can be widely used in various aspects of stem cell research.
“…HG might increase the creaming stability due to: i) high charge density, molecular weight, and rigidity and therefore, it may adsorb to positive patches on the surface of CN-coated droplets, which leads to increase the steric and electrostatic repulsions of droplets. ii) HG efficiently improves the viscosity of aqueous phase, limiting the mobility of droplets to induce creaming ( Sosa-Herrera et al, 2008 ; Vilela and Cunha, 2016 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gellan gums are classified into high acylated (HG) ( i.e ., native form), and deacylated forms according to the acyl substituents ( Moritaka et al, 1995 ; Rodrí;guez-Hernández et al, 2003 ). Vilela and Cunha (2016) reported that the addition of HG formed stable emulsions, and elastic properties of emulsions were mainly depended on the electrostatic repulsion. In addition, HG content in the aqueous phase exhibited high viscosity and gel-like behavior.…”
In this work, the effects of pH and high acyl gellan gum concentration on the adsorption kinetics and interfacial dilatational rheology of sodium caseinate/high acyl gellan gum (CN/HG) complexes were investigated using a pendant drop tensiometer. In addition, stability related properties including interfacial protein concentration, droplet charge, size, microstructure and creaming index of emulsions were studied at different HG concentration (0–0.2 wt%) and pH values (4, 5.5 and 7). The results showed that HG adsorbed onto the CN mainly through electrostatic interactions which could lead to increase the interfacial pressure (π), rates of protein diffusion (k
diff
), and molecular penetration (k
p
). The CN/HG complexes formed thick adsorption layers around the oil droplets which significantly increased the surface dilatational modulus with the increasing HG concentration. The CN/HG complexes appeared to form more elastic interfacial films after a long-term adsorption time compared with CN alone, which could reduce the droplet coalescence and thus prevented the growth of emulsion droplets. All four phosphorylated proteins of CN (α
s1
-, α
s2
-, β-, and κ-casein) were adsorbed at the oil-water (O/W) interface as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and surface protein coverage increased progressively with increasing HG concentration at pH 5.5, but decreased at pH 7. The CN/HG stabilized emulsions at pH 5.5 revealed the higher net charges and smaller z-average diameters than those at pH 4 and pH 7. This study provides valuable information on the use of CN/HG complexes to improve the stability and texture of food emulsions.
“…Rheological measurements were performed using an MCR302 rotational rheometer (MCR302, Anton Paar, Ostfildern, Germany). A double-cone measuring geometry (radius 34.14 mm, biconical angle 10°) was selected, and the flow curves were obtained by the ascending step procedure, where the shear rate varied between 0 and 300 s −1 at 25 °C [ 18 ].…”
The β-carotene emulsion system using high-acyl gellan gum (HA) as an emulsifier was fabricated and systematically studied. The stability and stabilizing mechanism of the emulsion using medium-chain triglyceride as oil phase with a water-oil mass ratio of 9:1 under different physicochemical conditions of heat, pH, and ions were investigated by analyzing mean particle size (MPS), emulsion yield (EY), and dynamic stability. The effects of the HA-β-carotene emulsion system on the bioaccessibility of β-carotene in vitro were conducted. During the simulated oral digestion stage (SODP) and simulated gastric digestion stage (SGDP), the emulsion systems stabilized with different HA contents showed good stability, and the changes of MPS and zeta potential (ZP) were within 2.5 μm and 3.0 mV, respectively. After entering the simulated intestinal digestion phase (SIDP), β-carotene was released from oil droplets and formed micelles with bile salts, phospholipids, etc. HA-β-carotene emulsion can enhance the release rate of free fatty acid (FFA), which ultimately affects the β-carotene bioaccessibility. These results indicate that HA can be used to prepare carotene emulsion and improve its bioavailability. The study provides a reference for the application of HA as a natural emulsifier and the delivery of β-carotene.
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