High-Accuracy, Temperature Dependent Density and Viscosity Measurements of a 50/50 JP-10 + Terpene Mixture

Abstract

Densities of a 50/50 by volume mixture of JP-10 + a turpentine dimer fuel (TDF) have been measured in the compressed-liquid state from 270 to 470 K and at 0.5−45 MPa and at ambient pressure from 263.15 to 373.15 K. Ambientpressure dynamic viscosity has also been measured over the same temperature range. The density data have been correlated with a Rackett equation, and the compressed-liquid density data have been fit to a Tait equation. Correlation parameters are given. Results of the mixture measurements presented here are compared with previously measured densities of the individual components, TDF and JP-10. Measurements of density over large ranges of temperature and pressure, as well as viscosity measurements, provide information as to the suitability of a fuel for use as a drop-in replacement for traditional petroleum-based fuels. The large range in temperature and pressure of the measurements is important to more closely capture engine operating conditions and better access the potential of alternative fuel candidates.

Oxyfunctionalization of Turpentine for Fuel Applications

“…16,17 Molecules derived from turpentine have also been blended with conventional jet fuel to reduce its viscosity and to increase its volumetric lower heating value. 18,19 Blends of diesel and turpentine (10−50 vol %) displayed a performance similar to that of pure diesel. 20,21 Similarly, Liang evaluated the use of turpentine (10−30 wt %) as a component of a fuel blend which also included raw rapeseed oil, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and a ferrocene-based additive (cetane improver), showing reductions in pollutant emissions and improvements in engine performance.…”

“…Turpentine has been used in different additive formulations for fuels, performing a key role in reducing emissions and increasing the useful energy by providing high heating value. , Furthermore, additives from turpentine can be obtained through simple chemical processing at low cost. , Good performance of turpentine in blends with gasoline (5–10 vol % turpentine) in spark-ignition engines has been reported. , Molecules derived from turpentine have also been blended with conventional jet fuel to reduce its viscosity and to increase its volumetric lower heating value. , Blends of diesel and turpentine (10–50 vol %) displayed a performance similar to that of pure diesel. , Similarly, Liang evaluated the use of turpentine (10–30 wt %) as a component of a fuel blend which also included raw rapeseed oil, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and a ferrocene-based additive (cetane improver), showing reductions in pollutant emissions and improvements in engine performance…”