“…Adaptive method-based frequency estimation can be found in many areas of digital signal processing applications [1,2], such as Doppler efect estimation of radar and sonar systems [3][4][5], clock and carrier synchronization in communication systems, angle of arrival estimation in smart antenna systems, frequency estimation in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) [6], angle and frequency estimation in cognitive wireless systems [7][8][9], and so on. Depending on the statistical properties of the input signal frequency, say, deterministic or random, the frequency estimation can be classifed into two categories: block-based and sequentialbased estimation techniques.…”