High abundance of sugar metabolisers in saliva of children with caries

Manzoor, Muhammed A.P.; Lommi, Sohvi; Furuholm, Jussi; Sarkkola, Catharina; Engberg, Elina; Raju, Sajan C.; Viljakainen, Heli

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83846-1

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These unsupervised techniques better encapsulate the ecological hypothesis than diversity metrics, which may be too coarse to summarize finer level differences in communities [22]. In our cohort, alpha diversity was weakly and inconsistently associated with future ECC status, echoing previous mixed findings [17][18][19][20][21]. In contrast, groups of taxa from unsupervised clustering techniques were strongly and prospectively associated with ECC: a Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium periodonticum community was depleted in cases while a Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella community was more abundant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Estimating the effect of each identified taxa as an independent predictor ignores how bacteria interact to affect risk, which is a key component of the ecological hypothesis [5,16]. Diversity metrics, such as alpha and beta diversity, conveniently and efficiently summarize information across all measured taxa, but findings using associations between diversity metrics and cariogenesis are mixed [17][18][19][20][21]. The lack of consistency may be attributed to differences in study design, conduct and analysis, but also may reflect the inherent limitations of diversity metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the ecological hypothesis: early life salivary microbiome assembly predicts dental caries in a longitudinal case-control study

et al. 2022

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Background Early childhood caries (ECC)—dental caries (cavities) occurring in primary teeth up to age 6 years—is a prevalent childhood oral disease with a microbial etiology. Streptococcus mutans was previously considered a primary cause, but recent research promotes the ecologic hypothesis, in which a dysbiosis in the oral microbial community leads to caries. In this incident, density sampled case-control study of 189 children followed from 2 months to 5 years, we use the salivary bacteriome to (1) prospectively test the ecological hypothesis of ECC in salivary bacteriome communities and (2) identify co-occurring salivary bacterial communities predicting future ECC. Results Supervised classification of future ECC case status using salivary samples from age 12 months using bacteriome-wide data (AUC-ROC 0.78 95% CI (0.71–0.85)) predicts future ECC status before S. mutans can be detected. Dirichlet multinomial community state typing and co-occurrence network analysis identified similar robust and replicable groups of co-occurring taxa. Mean relative abundance of a Haemophilus parainfluenzae/Neisseria/Fusobacterium periodonticum group was lower in future ECC cases (0.14) than controls (0.23, P value < 0.001) in pre-incident visits, positively correlated with saliva pH (Pearson rho = 0.33, P value < 0.001) and reduced in individuals who had acquired S. mutans by the next study visit (0.13) versus those who did not (0.20, P value < 0.01). In a subset of whole genome shotgun sequenced samples (n = 30), case plaque had higher abundances of antibiotic production and resistance gene orthologs, including a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transporter (MFS DHA2 family PBH value = 1.9 × 10−28), lantibiotic transport system permease protein (PBH value = 6.0 × 10−6) and bacitracin synthase I (PBH value = 5.6 × 10−6). The oxidative phosphorylation KEGG pathway was enriched in case plaque (PBH value = 1.2 × 10−8), while the ABC transporter pathway was depleted (PBH value = 3.6 × 10−3). Conclusions Early-life bacterial interactions predisposed children to ECC, supporting a time-dependent interpretation of the ecological hypothesis. Bacterial communities which assemble before 12 months of age can promote or inhibit an ecological succession to S. mutans dominance and cariogenesis. Intragenera competitions and intergenera cooperation between oral taxa may shape the emergence of these communities, providing points for preventive interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the ecological hypothesis: early life salivary microbiome assembly predicts dental caries in a longitudinal case-control study

et al. 2022

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“…have demonstrated a relationship between high sugary food consumption and the prevalence of caries. Thus, indicating an association with dysbiosis predicted by ecological theory (Manzoor et al, 2021 ; Moynihan & Kelly, 2014 ; Tinanoff & Palmer, 2000 ; Zhu et al, 1997 ). However, there is also a considerable number of studies that do not report the same relationship, probably owing to several factors, such as the variability in the patterns of sugar consumption, which further affects the exposure duration of teeth to sugar; dietary measurement instruments, which only provide an approximation of the actual sugar consumption; reporting time of sugar consumption patterns, which are annual, while the formation of caries can last several years, and factors influencing the prevalence of caries, such as mineral content in the diet (fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus), health care, oral hygiene habits, level of education (Touger‐Decker & van Loveren, 2003 ), and the presence of other diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The advent of genetic and molecular analysis of oral diseases such as periodontitis or squamous cell cancer (Ferlazzo et al, 2017 ; Isola et al, 2022 ) has made it possible to explain the cellular mechanisms that cause them or the genetic factors that generate susceptibility to these conditions. The molecular studies of the oral microbiota of patients with caries have identified a complex composition of cariogenic microorganisms, which varies among patients, type of caries, lesion (initial or advanced), and location of caries, among other factors (Manzoor et al, 2021 ). This has led to the proposal of several prevention and control measures that no longer focus on only one or two types of microorganisms but on a group of microorganisms with common properties (Philip et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does high sugar intake really alter the oral microbiota?: A systematic review

Díaz

Fong

Bedoya-Correa

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives: Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake on the microbial diversity and bacteria that predominate under these conditions.Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and combinations of the words "microbiota," "microbiology," "bacteria," "sugars," "dysbiosis," "caries," "microbiome," "oral microbial," and "oral microbiota profile pattern." The selection criteria included year, language, type of publication, comparison of microbiota during low and high sugar intake, and bacterial identification by molecular sequencing of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA.Results: Out of a total of 374 papers that came up after the initial search, 8 met the criteria for this review. The papers included research on populations comprising children, young adults, and adults, with most of the studies reporting selection criteria for the participants and using validated instruments to determine sugar intake. Apart from one study, all others reported for high sugar intake conditions a significant decrease in microbial diversity of the oral microbiome and the predominance of several bacterial genera or species, including Streptococcus, Scardovia, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus.Conclusions: Sugar-rich diets have a significantly unfavorable effect on the diversity and balance of oral microbiota; however, further studies are required to determine the exact role of sugar in microbial interactions.

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“…Quantitative or qualitative changes in saliva have causal or syndromic relationships with several conditions, primarily oral diseases such as tooth decay and caries, wherein a variety of physical and biochemical changes in saliva have been documented. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 However, salivary dysfunction may also be associated with or influenced by extra-oral conditions, such as menopause, 10 aging, 11 or radiotherapy, 12 or by iatrogenic factors, such as treatment with isotretinoin, 13 which may affect oral health. By contrast, saliva composition is influenced by a broad range of other physiological and pathological systemic conditions, such as nutritional status, substance use, and emotional, hormonal, or immunological statuses, in addition to several oncological and infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%