HOX genes are members of the homeotic transcription factor family, organized into four paralogous clusters. HOX complexes are believed to have arisen by genome-wide duplications during evolution. In humans, there are about 200 homeobox genes of which 39 are HOX genes, which are segregated onto four chromosomes, HOXA -7p15, HOXB -17q21.2, HOXC -12q13, and HOXD -2q31 (Figure 1). 1,2 The protein product of the HOX gene is a transcription factor that contains a conserved homeodomain region. 2 The homeodomain consists of the helix-turn-helix protein motif responsible for sequence-specific DNA binding. HOX genes are the pivotal regulators of growth and development. They regulate events such as differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, and their deregulation leads to various disorders and diseases including cancer. 3