Hierarchically structured lithium titanate for ultrafast charging in long-life high capacity batteries

Odziomek, Mateusz; Chaput, Frédéric; Rutkowska, A.; Świerczek, Konrad; Olszewska, Danuta; Sitarz, Maciej; Lerouge, Frédéric; Parola, Stéphane

doi:10.1038/ncomms15636

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…If the electrode can be cycled reversibly another approach is to accumulate statistics over several cycles (Meija et al, 2016). Spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) shows almost no strain upon (de)lithiation and its relatively high voltage prevents decomposition of typical Li-ion battery electrolytes (Tang et al, 2009;Odziomek et al, 2017;Wang S. et al, 2017). These properties ensure excellent rate capabilities, stable cycling and a long cycle life (Singh et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) allows determination of the spatial distribution of specific isotopes, via neutron capture reactions. In a capture reaction charged particles with fixed kinetic energy are formed, where their energy loss through the material of interest can be used to provide the depth of the original isotope. As lithium-6 has a relatively large probability for such a capture reaction, it can be used by battery scientists to study the lithium concentration in the electrodes even during battery operation. The selective measurement of the 6 Li isotope makes it a direct and sensitive technique, whereas the penetrative character of the neutrons allows practical battery pouch cells to be studied. Using NDP lithium diffusion and reaction rates can be studied operando as a function of depth, opening a large range of opportunities including the study of alloying reactions, metal plating, and (de) intercalation in insertion hosts. In the study of high rate cycling of intercalation materials the relatively low Li density challenges counting statistics while the limited change in electrode density due to the Li-ion insertion and extraction allows straightforward determination of the Li density as a function of electrode depth. If an electrode can be (dis)charged reversibly, data can be acquired and accumulated over multiple cycles to increase the time resolution. For Li metal plating and alloying reactions, the large lithium density allows good time resolution, however the large change of the electrode composition and density makes extracting the Li-density as a function of depth more challenging. Here an effective method is presented, using calibration measurements of the individual components, based on which the ratio of the components as a function of depth can be determined as well as the total Li-density. The same principles can be applied to insertion host materials, where the differences in density due to electrolyte infiltration yield the electrode porosity as a function of depth. This is of particular importance for battery electrodes where porosity has a direct influence on the energy density and charge transport.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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“…[ 10 ] Alternatively, the construction of hierarchical structures with contact surfaces easily accessible between electrode materials and electrolyte is another feasible approach. [ 11,12 ] For example, ions can easily diffuse into 3D holey‐graphene architectures to render high‐rate energy storage. [ 13 ] Notably, controlling ionic mobility in the electrode material, particularly for electrodes of high mass loading, is another important factor for enhanced energy storage.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Electrons Enhanced Ion Transport for Ultrafast Electrochemical Energy Storage

et al. 2020

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The rate‐determining process for electrochemical energy storage is largely determined by ion transport occurring in the electrode materials. Apart from decreasing the distance of ion diffusion, the enhancement of ionic mobility is crucial for ion transport. Here, a localized electron enhanced ion transport mechanism to promote ion mobility for ultrafast energy storage is proposed. Theoretical calculations and analysis reveal that highly localized electrons can be induced by intrinsic defects, and the migration barrier of ions can be obviously reduced. Consistently, experiment results reveal that this mechanism leads to an enhancement of Li/Na ion diffusivity by two orders of magnitude. At high mass loading of 10 mg cm−2 and high rate of 10C, a reversible energy storage capacity up to 190 mAh g−1 is achieved, which is ten times greater than achievable by commercial crystals with comparable dimensions.

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“…S3), which explains the long recharge time of today's EVs at low temperatures. To enhance fast charging ability, research in the literature has been focusing on improving anode materials such as coating graphite with an amorphous silicon nanolayer (16,17) and developing new materials like lithium titanate (18,19) and graphene balls (20), and on developing new electrolytes (21,22) and additives (23). LiBs, however, are well known for their trade-off nature among key parameters (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

236

136

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Fast charging is a key enabler of mainstream adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). None of today's EVs can withstand fast charging in cold or even cool temperatures due to the risk of lithium plating. Efforts to enable fast charging are hampered by the trade-off nature of a lithium-ion battery: Improving low-temperature fast charging capability usually comes with sacrificing cell durability. Here, we present a controllable cell structure to break this trade-off and enable lithium plating-free (LPF) fast charging. Further, the LPF cell gives rise to a unified charging practice independent of ambient temperature, offering a platform for the development of battery materials without temperature restrictions. We demonstrate a 9.5 Ah 170 Wh/kg LPF cell that can be charged to 80% state of charge in 15 min even at -50 °C (beyond cell operation limit). Further, the LPF cell sustains 4,500 cycles of 3.5-C charging in 0 °C with <20% capacity loss, which is a 90× boost of life compared with a baseline conventional cell, and equivalent to >12 y and >280,000 miles of EV lifetime under this extreme usage condition, i.e., 3.5-C or 15-min fast charging at freezing temperatures.

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Hierarchically structured lithium titanate for ultrafast charging in long-life high capacity batteries

Cited by 122 publications

References 47 publications

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Localized Electrons Enhanced Ion Transport for Ultrafast Electrochemical Energy Storage

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures

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