Hierarchically Structured Energy Markets as Novel Smart Grid Control Approach

Abstract

. The paper investigates the self-stabilization of hierarchically structured markets. We propose a new approach that is motivated by the physical structure of the energy grid and generalizes classical market structures in a natural way. Hierarchical markets have several advantages compared to monolithic markets, i.e., improved reliability and scalability, locality of information, and proximity of energy production and consumption. By simulating scenarios based on real world consumption and production data including households, different renewable energy sources, and other plant types, we present a proof-of-concept of stability of the hierarchical markets in various simulations.

Holarchic structures for decentralized deep learning: a performance analysis

“…General-purpose holonic designs that integrate the above principles are proposed via holonic multi-agent system platforms [45,44]; multi-level modeling and simulation approaches [14]; and hierarchical problem solving [24]. Customised holonic designs are been applied to various domains, including hierarchical planning [33], traffic control [10], manufacturing [7,15] and smart grids [25,47,11]. The success of these applications motivate the adoption of similar holonic principles for designing deep learning systems for large-scale distributed environments.…”

A Generic Holonic Control Architecture for Heterogeneous Multiscale and Multiobjective Smart Microgrids

“…Concrete Examples: Several contributions have started embracing the holonic paradigm to design decentralised controllers for smart-grids e.g., [Negeri et al 2013;Ounnar et al 2013;Thomas and Devanathan 2011;Lässig et al 2011]. [Negeri et al 2013] propose a holonic control architecture focusing on a holon's internal modules and overlooking its integration at recursive levels.…”

“…This is one (non-heterogeneous) design instance of a holonic smart grid and only considers electricity management. [Lässig et al 2011] propose a solution for price negotiations in the smart grid based on 'hierarchical' (holonic) markets. Each market contains a set of rules and agents, which can be organised internally as other markets, with their own rules and agents.…”

“…Their framework proposes a special-purpose agent organisation for allowing a holon's integration into its super-holon. Integration is achieved via a dedicated agent fulfilling a Head role (similar to [Lässig et al 2011]), which is one possible implementation of to the goal management membrane we propose. Yet, we do not impose that this layer be an autonomous agent with its own goals.…”