“…As shown in Figure , the transition metal-based polyanion composite consists of more than two X -ide compounds [i.e., MX n + MY m ( X ≠ Y )] (refs , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , − , , , , , , , , and ), forming unique lateral and/or vertical heterostructures (see Figure ). As is the case for the polyanion compounds, most of the polyanion compounds experienced surface reconstruction (e.g., oxidation) during the OER process (refs ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ), whereas there are only a few polyanion compounds that exhibited superior stability and could almost maintain their initial surface during and after the OER. ,, …”