Hierarchical Structures in Amphiphilic Random Copolymer Solutions

Abstract

Surveying the theory of associating polymer solutions, we have applied the theory to aqueous solution systems of two amphiphilic random copolymers to reveal the hierarchical structure in the solutions. The two random copolymers form uni-core flower micelles comprising of 2 and 8 copolymer chains in dilute solution. However, a part of hydrophobic groups are outside the micellar core and act as binding sites for higher-order aggregation of micelles progressing with increasing the copolymer concentration. The aggregates of flower micelles are bimodal: the major fast relaxation mode component with m w (the weight average aggregation number) of the order of 10 and the minor slow relaxation mode component with m w of order of 10 3 . The viscosity enhancement of the copolymer solutions with increasing the concentration mostly arises from the growth of the major fast mode aggregate.

Inflationary cosmology: First 30+ years

“…The importance of the neutral current interaction in the neutrino diffusion in supernovae explosions was shown in Ref. 26, which was confirmed by the Nobel-prize winning discovery of the neutrino bursts from SN1987A. 27 The mass of the Higgs boson in the electroweak theory was constrained by CMB 28 and stellar evolution.…”

Mass bounds on a very light neutralino

“…They diffuse out with a time scale of O(10 sec) [221][222][223]. The neutrinos with this time structure have indeed been observed after Supernova 1987a [224,225].…”

Constraints on the axion-electron coupling constant for solar axions appearing owing to bremsstrahlung and the compton process

“…This work is devoted to the search for axions appearing in the Sun owing to the axion-electron interaction, namely, bremsstrahlung from electrons in the field of a nucleus, e -+ Z Z + A, and the Compton process, γ + ee -+ A [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The reaction cross sections and, therefore, axion fluxes are proportional to .…”