Hierarchical Structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition with an Egyptian Sample

Abdelhamid, Gomaa Said Mohamed; Gómez-Benito, Juana; Abdeltawwab, Ahmed Taha Mohamed; Bakr, Mostafa Hafida Soliman Abu; Kazem, Amina Mohamed

doi:10.1177/0734282917732857

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Interestingly, the dimensionality results using the genetic algorithm indicated that the WAIS-IV subtests analyzed in this study are unidimensional except for Matrix Reasoning, Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary, which are multidimensional. The appearance of more than one scale for some of the WAIS-IV subtests using Mokken analysis may explain the findings of previous studies such as Abdelhamid et al (2019), Bowden et al (2011a), Weiss, Keith, Zhu, and Chen (2013a, 2013b), which suggested that some of these subtests were loaded on more than one factor. As such, the total score of each the WAIS-IV subtests (except multidimensional subtests) can be computed to determine the adult’s level on the latent trait being measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The WAIS-IV Arabic version was used (Abdelhamid et al, 2019), which, like the English version, has 10 core subtests and five supplemental subtests that generate a score for four indices: VC, PR, WM, and PS. Some of these subtests are scored 0, 1 (e.g., dichotomous data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have used MSA to examine the psychometric properties of various tests, but despite the advantages of the MHM and its special case, the DMM, described above (e.g., Sijtsma & Van der Ark, 2017), to our knowledge, there is no published calibration of the WAIS-IV scale using MSA. As such, as far as we are aware, the current study is also the first to examine IIO and dimensionality of WAIS-IV subtests adapted for an Egyptian sample (Abdelhamid et al, 2019) using those of the two NIRT models. As such, this study was an important opportunity to advance the understanding of Mokken analysis and to assess the fit of IRT models for the WAIS-IV subtests analyzed.…”

Section: Assumptions Of Nirt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies, including Abdelhamid, Gómez-Benito, Abdeltawwab, Abu Bakr, and Kazem (2019); Bowden, Saklofske, and Weiss (2011b); Miller, Davidson, Schindler, and Messier (2013); Nelson, Canivez, and Watkins (2013), have explored the validity of the WAIS-IV using statistical tools based on classical test theory such as the internal consistency reliability, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Together, this body of studies provides important insights into the statistical properties of the WAIS-IV, but their conclusions depend on the total score for the subtests in the framework of classical test theory, which has many acknowledged limitations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there is no discussion of the properties of WAIS-IV subtests adapted for Arabic speakers (Abdelhamid et al, 2019) in terms of individual item scores or, in particular, the dimensionality of each subtest. To our knowledge, no study has focused on item statistical properties or dimensionality in each of the WAIS-IV subtests using modern psychometric theory, such as item response theory (IRT) or Mokken scale analysis (MSA), which represents the main aim of the current study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Demonstration of Mokken Scale Analysis Methods Applied to Cognitive Test Validation Using the Egyptian WAIS-IV

Abdelhamid

Gómez-Benito

Abdeltawwab

et al. 2019

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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The fourth edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) has been used extensively for assessing adult intelligence. This study uses Mokken scale analysis to investigate the psychometric proprieties of WAIS-IV subtests adapted for the Egyptian population in a sample of 250 adults between 18 and 25 years of age. The monotone homogeneity model and the double monotonicity model were consistent with the subtest data. The items of all subtests except Matrix Reasoning, Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary formed a unidimensional scale. The WAIS-IV subtests have discriminatory and invariantly ordered items, although some items violated the invariant item ordering and scalability criteria. Therefore, the WAIS-IV subtests—with the exception of some items—are hierarchical scales that allow items to be ordered according to difficulty and subjects to be ordered using the sum score. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence of the dimensionality and hierarchy of the WAIS-IV subtests in the framework of Mokken scaling, although care should be taken when interpreting or including certain items.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assumptions Of Nirt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Demonstration of Mokken Scale Analysis Methods Applied to Cognitive Test Validation Using the Egyptian WAIS-IV

Abdelhamid

Gómez-Benito

Abdeltawwab

et al. 2019

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Warne

Burningham

2019

Psychological Bulletin

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Spearman's g is the name for the shared variance across a set of intercorrelating cognitive tasks. For some-but not all-theorists, g is defined as general intelligence. While g is robustly observed in Western populations, it is questionable whether g is manifested in cognitive data from other cultural groups. To test whether g is a cross-cultural phenomenon, we searched for correlation matrices or data files containing cognitive variables collected from individuals in non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. We subjected these data to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using promax rotation and 2 modern methods of selecting the number of factors. Samples that produced more than 1 factor were then subjected to a second-order EFA using the same procedures and a Schmid-Leiman solution. Across 97 samples from 31 countries totaling 52,340 individuals, we found that a single factor emerged unambiguously from 71 samples (73.2%) and that 23 of the remaining 26 samples (88.5%) produced a single second-order factor. The first factor in the initial EFA explained an average of 45.9% of observed variable variance (SD ϭ 12.9%), which is similar to what is seen in Western samples. One sample that produced multiple second-order factors only did so with 1 method of selecting the number of factors in the initial EFA; the alternate method of selecting the number of factors produced a single higher-order factor. Factor extraction in a higher-order EFA was not possible in 2 samples. These results show that g appears in many cultures and is likely a universal phenomenon in humans. Public Significance StatementThis study shows that one conceptualization of intelligence-called Spearman's g-is present in over 90 samples from 31 non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. This means that intelligence is likely a universal trait in humans. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to conduct cross-cultural research on intelligence, though culturally appropriate tests are necessary for any such research.

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Mismatch negativity as an early biomarker of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Mahmoud

Eissa

Kolkaila

et al. 2023

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background Due to its disturbance in schizophrenic patients, mismatch negativity (MMN) generation is believed to be a potential biomarker for recognizing primary impairments in auditory sensory processing during the course of the disease. However, great controversy exists regarding the type and onset of MMN-related impairments, with the deficits to frequency deviants is more debatable. This cross-sectional, case–control study was conducted to assess the cognitive functions among 33 eligible Egyptian schizophrenics (15 early and 18 chronic), and 30 matched healthy controls by assessing their psychometric tests and correlating them to the coexisting frequency deviant MMN responses (using both tone and speech stimuli). Results Deficits in frequency MMN and neuropsychological tests were evident among early and chronic schizophrenics compared to their matched control counterparts, and also between early versus chronic schizophrenia in favor of the later. MMN deficits to speech stimuli were more elicited than tone stimuli among schizophrenics. Moreover, significant correlations were identified between MMN parameters and the results of psychiatric cognitive scales. Conclusions We demonstrated that frequency-deviant MMN deficits are evident feature among the enrolled Egyptian schizophrenics. The cognitive functions as indexed by MMN seem affected early, with the striking decrease of MMN amplitude and delay of latency point towards the progression of the illness. The normal lateralization of MMN was absent in chronic schizophrenia. These findings could be helpful in using the MMN as an additional objective tool for confirming cognitive impairments among schizophrenics and to differentiate between early- and chronic-schizophrenic patients for medico-legal purposes and clinical implication for medications.

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Hierarchical Structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition with an Egyptian Sample

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

A Demonstration of Mokken Scale Analysis Methods Applied to Cognitive Test Validation Using the Egyptian WAIS-IV

A Demonstration of Mokken Scale Analysis Methods Applied to Cognitive Test Validation Using the Egyptian WAIS-IV

Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Mismatch negativity as an early biomarker of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

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