“…The Hierarchical Equal Risk Contribution Portfolio (HERC) (Raffinot 2018) merges HRP and HCAA . Several variations to this approach have also been proposed (Lohre et al 2020;Molyboga 2020). In particular, we use the HRP model as a benchmarking method to compare our proposal, as explained below.…”
Mean-variance portfolio optimization models are sensitive to uncertainty in risk-return estimates, which may result in poor out-of-sample performance. In particular, the estimates may suffer when the number of assets considered is high and the length of the return time series is not sufficiently long. This is precisely the case in the cryptocurrency market, where there are hundreds of crypto assets that have been traded for a few years. We propose enhancing the mean-variance (MV) model with a pre-selection stage that uses a prototype-based clustering algorithm to reduce the number of crypto assets considered at each investment period. In the pre-selection stage, we run a prototype-based clustering algorithm where the assets are described by variables representing the profit-risk duality. The prototypes of the clustering partition are automatically examined and the one that best suits our risk-aversion preference is selected. We then run the MV portfolio optimization with the crypto assets of the selected cluster. The proposed approach is tested for a period of 17 months in the whole cryptocurrency market and two selections of the cryptocurrencies with the higher market capitalization (175 and 250 cryptos). We compare the results against three methods applied to the whole market: classic MV, risk parity, and hierarchical risk parity methods. We also compare our results with those from investing in the market index . The simulation results generally favor our proposal in terms of profit and risk-profit financial indicators. This result reaffirms the convenience of using machine learning methods to guide financial investments in complex and highly-volatile environments such as the cryptocurrency market.
“…The Hierarchical Equal Risk Contribution Portfolio (HERC) (Raffinot 2018) merges HRP and HCAA . Several variations to this approach have also been proposed (Lohre et al 2020;Molyboga 2020). In particular, we use the HRP model as a benchmarking method to compare our proposal, as explained below.…”
Mean-variance portfolio optimization models are sensitive to uncertainty in risk-return estimates, which may result in poor out-of-sample performance. In particular, the estimates may suffer when the number of assets considered is high and the length of the return time series is not sufficiently long. This is precisely the case in the cryptocurrency market, where there are hundreds of crypto assets that have been traded for a few years. We propose enhancing the mean-variance (MV) model with a pre-selection stage that uses a prototype-based clustering algorithm to reduce the number of crypto assets considered at each investment period. In the pre-selection stage, we run a prototype-based clustering algorithm where the assets are described by variables representing the profit-risk duality. The prototypes of the clustering partition are automatically examined and the one that best suits our risk-aversion preference is selected. We then run the MV portfolio optimization with the crypto assets of the selected cluster. The proposed approach is tested for a period of 17 months in the whole cryptocurrency market and two selections of the cryptocurrencies with the higher market capitalization (175 and 250 cryptos). We compare the results against three methods applied to the whole market: classic MV, risk parity, and hierarchical risk parity methods. We also compare our results with those from investing in the market index . The simulation results generally favor our proposal in terms of profit and risk-profit financial indicators. This result reaffirms the convenience of using machine learning methods to guide financial investments in complex and highly-volatile environments such as the cryptocurrency market.
“…Regarding all the mentioned good wills, implementation and theories shows the dedicated movement of price of cryptocurrency market. Lahre et al [11] propose the strategy of Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) on the multi-asset multi-factor allocation which achieves the good results on tail risk. Moreover, Jain et al [12] applied the same strategy for the individual stocks to comport the fifty indexes of NIFTY.…”
Section: Trillion Dollar Of Trading In Thismentioning
Cryptocurrency is one of the famous financial state in all over the world which cause several type of risks that effect on the intrinsic assessment of risk auditors. From the beginning the growth of cryptocurrency gives the financial business with the wide risk in term of presentation of money laundering. In the institution of financial supports such as anti-money laundering, banks and secrecy of banks proceed as a specialist of risk, manager of bank and officer of compliance which has a provocation for the related transaction through cryptocurrency and the users who hide the illegal funds.In this study, the Hierarchical Risk Parity and unsupervised machine learning applied on the cryptocurrency framework. The process of professional accounting in term of inherent risk connected with cryptocurrency regarding the occurrence likelihood and statement of financial impact. Determining cryptocurrency risks comprehended to have a high rate of occurrence likelihood and the access of private key which is unauthorized. The professional cryptocurrency experience in transaction cause the lower risk comparing the less experienced one. The Hierarchical Risk Parity gives the better output in term of returning the adjusted risk tail to get the better risk management result.The result section shows the proposed model is robust to various intervals which are re-balanced and the co-variance window estimation.INDEX TERMS Risk management, cryptocurrency, inherent risk, ineffective exchange control.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.