Hierarchical Quantum Teleportation of Arbitrary Single-Qubit State by Using Four-Qubit Cluster State

Hierarchical controlled cyclic quantum teleportation

“…Each of the multiple receivers with the same status can become the recipient of the information. In the article [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], only a one-way hierarchical quantum information separation scheme is given, which cannot realize the simultaneous transmission of quantum information between multiple agents. The scheme presented in this article is a hierarchical quantum teleportation scheme, where Alice, Bob, and Charlie not only serve as both the sender and receiver, but also sometimes as controllers.…”

“…Unlike the candidate agents in symmetric QIS [37,38] who have the same information recovery ability, in the HQIS scheme proposed by Wang et al, three agents have different levels of information recovery ability, so that the high-level agent only needs the help of one of the other agents, while the low-level agent needs the help of everyone, can reconstruct the received quantum state. In articles [39][40][41][42][43][44], researchers have proposed many schemes for hierarchical transmission of any single-qubit, two-qubit, or multi-qubit unknown quantum state based on different quantum channels. Generally, HQIS can be seen as a unidirectional multi-party quantum teleportation with selectable receivers.…”

Probabilistic Hierarchical Quantum Information Splitting of Arbitrary Multi-Qubit States

“…In conclusion, we devise a universal scheme to probabilistically realize the HQIS of arbitrary multi-qubit states among multiple agents by using NME four-qubit cluster states as the quantum resource. Comparing with the HQIS scheme for arbitrary single- and two-qubit states [ 22 , 23 ], our work has the following advantages: (1) Our schemes are applicable for arbitrary multi-qubit states with the aid of elaborately constructed multi-qubit POVM; (2) We derive the general expression of a recovery operation which clearly discloses the relationship with the measurement results; (3) We describe the specific process of HQIS with multiple agents. Our schemes are practical as NME states are easier to generate and maintain than the maximally entangled resources and agents’ unequal authorities are in line with the actual communication.…”

“…The high-grade agent requires some of the other agents’ help to complete the task, while the low-grade agent can do it only if all the other agents supply the assistance. Since then, much attention [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] has been paid to HQIS due to its useful applications in practice. Like many other quantum communication schemes [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], HQIS prefers using maximal entanglement to achieve perfect transmission.…”

Experimental realization of quantum controlled teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit state via a five-qubit entangled state

“…Since Bennet [9] proposed the concept of quantum teleportation (QT) in 1993, the quantum teleportation has been extensively studied, thus quite a lot of improved teleportation schemes have been proposed, such as quantum controlled teleportation (QCT), [10][11][12][13][14] quantum information splitting (QIS), [15,16] bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation (BQCT), [17,18] and hierarchical quantum teleportation (HQT), [19] etc. The most significant difference between the quantum controlled teleportation and the quantum teleportation lies in the fact that the former has a legitimate supervisor, and the communication process can only achieve the transmission of information between the two communicating parties under the supervisor's consent.…”