Hierarchical Quantum Information Splitting with Six-Photon Cluster States

Abstract

We propose a scheme for hierarchical quantum information splitting with the recently realized six-photon cluster state (Lu et al. in Nat. Phys. 3:91, 2007), where a Boss distributes a quantum secret (quantum state) to five distant agents who are divided into two grades. Two agents are in the upper grade and three agents are in the lower grade. An agent of the upper grade only needs the collaboration of two of the other four agents for getting the secret, while an agent of the lower grade needs the collaboration of all the other four agents. In other words, the agents of two grades have different authorities to recover Boss's secret.Keywords Quantum secret · Hierarchical splitting · Photonic qubit · Cluster statesThe rapidly growing field of quantum information science is the fruit of the combination of information theory and quantum mechanics. Quantum information processing mainly involves the manipulation and transmission of information with the principle of quantum mechanics. The unique and useful properties of quantum mechanics is the inner reason for that why quantum information theory can implement many information processing tasks that classical information theory cannot achieve. In quantum information science, information is encoded in quantum states, and the information processing is in fact the manipulation and transfer of quantum states. Entanglement, the most intriguing property of quantum mechanics, is the center resource of quantum information science, and plays a powerful role in the transfer of quantum states. One well-known example is the quantum teleportation [1, 2] which utilizes the bipartite or multipartite entangled states to transport an unknown quantum state from one site to another one. However, not all entangled states can be used to implement perfect teleportation, and that whether or not an entangled state can implement teleportation is determined by its entanglement properties [3]. Thus teleportation can also reveal some properties of entangled states, especially multipartite entangled states [4,5]. On the

Quantum information splitting of an arbitrary three‐qubit state by using three sets of GHZ states

“…In 2008, Murlidharan and Panigrahi showed that the cluster state can be utilized for QIS [24]. QIS of an arbitrary three-qubit state can be realized by using the cluster states [25], the entangled states and the Bell state [26], the four-qubit cluster state and the GHZ-state [27], the five-qubit cluster state and the GHZ-state [28], the six-qubit entangled state [29], and the seven-qubit entangled state [30,31]. After Hillery et al demonstrated that GHZ states could be used for QIS (QIS), QIS has been investigated more often.…”

Hierarchical quantum communication

“…This scheme drew considerable attention of the quantum communication community as the teleportation has no classical analog. Since the pioneering work of Bennett et al a large number of teleportation schemes and their applications have been reported [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. These teleportation schemes can be primarily classified into two broad classes: a) Perfect teleportation schemes [1,2] and b) Probabilistic teleportation schemes [3,4,5,6].…”

“…Till recent past all the studies on multi-party quantum teleportation were restricted to symmetric quantum information splitting where all the receivers were equally capable to recover the unknown quantum state sent by the sender (Alice). Recently the concept of asymmetric quantum information splitting is introduced by Wang et al [9,10,11]. In their scheme Boss (Alice) distributes a quantum state among several agents who are spatially separated.…”

“…Thus there is a hierarchy among the agents and consequently, the scheme is referred to as the hierarchical quantum information splitting (HQIS) scheme. Wang et al have recently reported HQIS using 4-qubit |χ state [9], t-qubit graph state in general where t ≥ 3 [10], and 6-qubit cluster state [11]. Extending their idea here we propose a systematic and general procedure to investigate the possibility of HQIS using an arbitrary (n + 1)-qubit entangled state and use our approach to explicitly show that the HQIS is possible with 4-qubit |Ω state and 4-qubit cluster state.…”

Hierarchical joint remote state preparation in noisy environment

“…All these schemes can be viewed as variants of teleportation.Recently, a few hierarchical versions of already existing aspects of quantum communication (variants of teleportation) have been proposed. Specifically, hierarchical quantum information splitting (HQIS) [11,12,14,15], hierarchical quantum secret sharing (HQSS) [12], hierarchical dynamic quantum secret sharing (HDQSS) [16], etc., have been proposed in the recent past. It is also shown that these schemes have enormous practical importance (for a detailed discussion on the interesting applications of these schemes see Sec.…”