Hierarchical Porous Carbon from the Synergistic “Pore-on-Pore” Strategy for Efficient Capacitive Deionization

Abstract

Capacitive deionization technology for brackish water treatment has been widely studied but currently still suffers from relatively low efficiency. Therefore, a rational design of promising electrode materials has become an urgent task. In this study, a so-called pore-on-pore strategy was developed by chemical activation of the intrinsic porous renewable precursor to generate a micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon. The synergistic effect of the biocomponent and activation agent is the major mechanism for the high porosity. The synthetic carbon has a very high specific surface area (2147.43 m2 g–1). In addition, the carbon exhibits good performance in terms of electroadsorption, with adsorption capacities of 19.35 and 30.64 mg g–1 in solutions with initial concentrations of 500 and 1500 mg L–1 NaCl under 1.2 V applied voltage, respectively. A capacitance retention of 98.7% and charging efficiency of 98.3% were achieved after 100 uninterrupted charge and discharge cycles, indicating relatively good regeneration performance. This research provides a bright way to develop an excellent performance electrode from renewable resources for environmental applications.

Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

“…These emphasize the excellent compatibility of the Langmuir model to the AV adsorption to the biochar. 43 Responsive surface methodology (RSM) was adapted to optimize the experimental parameters for achieving maximum dye removal by the biochar. In the RSM approach, batch runs were conducted in CCD model-designed experiments to visualize the effects of independent factors on the response and the results along with the experimental conditions.…”

Facile Designed Manganese Oxide/Biochar for Efficient Salinity Gradient Energy Recovery in Concentration Flow Cells and Influences of Mono/Multivalent Ions

“…In comparison with the unmodified biochar electrode (118 ± 3°), all water contact angles of MnO x /biochar electrodes were less than 90°, suggesting their better hydrophilicity and wettability. 34 Especially, BioMn600 (56 ± 6°) and BioMn700 (58 ± 3°) showed relatively smaller angles, indicating easy access to the solution and possibly fast mass transfer. 34 , 35 …”

“… 34 Especially, BioMn600 (56 ± 6°) and BioMn700 (58 ± 3°) showed relatively smaller angles, indicating easy access to the solution and possibly fast mass transfer. 34 , 35 …”

Enhanced Desalination Capacity and Stability of Alkylamine-Modified Na0.71CoO2 for Capacitive Deionization

“…1−4 Traditional desalination technologies, which mainly include pressure-driven reverse osmosis, thermally driven multieffect distillation, and electrically driven electrodialysis, have some limitations due to their large amounts of energy consumption and low efficiency. 5 Capacitive deionization (CDI) has aroused overwhelming interest as a potential alternative technology for desalination by virtue of its intrinsic high efficiency, low-energy consumption, and environmental friendliness, let alone its energy recovery possibility. 6−11 The electrode material undeniably plays the most crucial role in ion trapping because it directly determines the desalination capacity and cycle life of the whole CDI device.…”

“…The global challenge of water scarcity has made water desalination technologies a sustainable strategic priority. − Traditional desalination technologies, which mainly include pressure-driven reverse osmosis, thermally driven multieffect distillation, and electrically driven electrodialysis, have some limitations due to their large amounts of energy consumption and low efficiency . Capacitive deionization (CDI) has aroused overwhelming interest as a potential alternative technology for desalination by virtue of its intrinsic high efficiency, low-energy consumption, and environmental friendliness, let alone its energy recovery possibility. − …”