Hierarchical Porous Carbon Anode Materials Derived from Rice Husks with High Capacity and Long Cycling Stability for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Compared with the cathode materials, the research on the anode materials of the sodium‐ion batteries has lagged behind. Therefore, development of the anode materials with high capacity, long life, and excellent rate properties is the key to unlocking the practical application for sodium‐ion batteries. This study presents the preparation of hierarchical porous hard carbon as an active anode material from rice husks. The as‐synthesized materials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These porous hard carbon materials exhibit a high specific surface area and are promising for reversible sodium storage. Galvanostatic studies show that the specific initial capacities of all samples were in the range of 130–300 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 between 0.01 V and 2.3 V. Compared to the other samples, the hard carbon materials prepared at 800 °C from rice husk (RHPC‐800) can deliver a high reversible capacity of 274 mA h g−1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1, maintain a capacity of approximately 260 mA h g−1, and retain 92.7 % of its capacity after 500 cycles. This excellent electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared RHPC‐800 material is attributed to the high specific surface area and low charge transfer resistance.

Recent Progress in Amorphous Carbon‐Based Materials for Anodes of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Synthesis Strategies, Mechanisms, and Performance

“…Among the other natural biomass materials that have been reported for procuring hard carbons are rice husk, [83,84] kelp, [85] cotton fibers, [86] date palm, [87] oatmeal, [88] pollen, [89,90] and many recent works as reported in the literature [91–93] . The synthesis of hard carbons from these materials is principally the same, and most of the materials deliver decent reversible capacities and cycle stability.…”

Redox Charge Transfer Kinetics and Reversibility of VO2 in Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes of Na‐Ion Storage

“…Therefore, the exploration of Na-ion batteries (NIBs) is important to replace LIBs owing to a low cost and the electrochemical similarity of two batteries for the utilization of well-established technologies and infrastructures of LIBs. [1,7,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] These situations are analogous to the field of Na-ion-based electrochemical capacitors (NICs). [13] Despite the advantages of NICs in terms of the high power, long cyclability, and cost effectiveness, the practical application is still limited due to low energy density.…”

Large Scale Synthesis of Three‐dimensional Hierarchical Porous Framework with High Conductivity and its Application in Lithium Sulfur Battery

“…[20] As a crucial source of porous carbon, biochar has attracted wide attention because of its low cost, abundant natural resources, environmentally friendly, and sustainable environmentally friendly energy. [21][22][23] A multitude of strategies have been proposed for the preparation of porous biocarbon, such as hydrothermal carbonization, [24] microwave, [14] activation, [25][26][27] etc. The biochar material prepared by the chemical activation method has a high specific surface area, wide pore size distribution range, low reaction temperature, high yield and good repeatability.…”

“…As a crucial source of porous carbon, biochar has attracted wide attention because of its low cost, abundant natural resources, environmentally friendly, and sustainable environmentally friendly energy [21–23] . A multitude of strategies have been proposed for the preparation of porous biocarbon, such as hydrothermal carbonization, [24] microwave, [14] activation, [25–27] etc.…”