Hierarchical population structure analysis of the milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus (Forster)

McCauley, David E.; Eanes, Walter F.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1987.33

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In many species, the turnover of populations is high enough to substantially affect (usually increase) F ST (Slatkin, 1977;Wade & McCauley, 1988;McCauley, 1989;Whitlock & McCauley, 1990;Whitlock, 1992a;McCauley et al, 1995;Giles & Goudet, 1997). This is because founding events usually involve far fewer individuals than a habitat patch can eventually sustain and because the finite life of individual populations limits the time over which subsequent gene flow can ameliorate the effects of the initial founding events.…”

Section: All Populations Are Created Equal With a Constant Number Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST≠1/(4Nm+1)

1999

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The difficulty of directly measuring gene flow has lead to the common use of indirect measures extrapolated from genetic frequency data. These measures are variants of FST, a standardized measure of the genetic variance among populations, and are used to solve for Nm, the number of migrants successfully entering a population per generation. Unfortunately, the mathematical model underlying this translation makes many biologically unrealistic assumptions; real populations are very likely to violate these assumptions, such that there is often limited quantitative information to be gained about dispersal from using gene frequency data. While studies of genetic structure per se are often worthwhile, and FST is an excellent measure of the extent of this population structure, it is rare that FST can be translated into an accurate estimate of Nm.

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Section: All Populations Are Created Equal With a Constant Number Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST≠1/(4Nm+1)

1999

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“…Furthermore, while local genetic differentiation has been found in insects, sometimes at very fine geographical scales (McCauley & Eanes, 1987;Alstad & Corbin, 1989;Rank, 1992), it is not always clear whether this variation is adaptive. It is also not always clear whether differentiation arises as a result of a host shift or existed previously (but see Groman & Pellmyr, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

Nice

Fordyce

Shapiro

et al. 2002

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. The evolution of reproductive isolation between recently diverged or incipient species is a critical component of speciation and a major focus of speciation models. In phytophagous insects, host plant fidelity (the habit of mating and ovipositing on a single host species) can contribute to assortative mating and reproductive isolation between populations adapting to alternative hosts. The potential role of host plant fidelity in the evolution of reproductive isolation was examined in a pair of North American blue butterfly species, Lycaeides idas and L. melissa.2. These species are morphologically distinct and populations of each species utilise different host plants; however they share 410 bp haplotypes of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, indicating recent divergence.3. Some populations using native hosts exhibited strong fidelity for their natal host plant over the hosts used by nearby populations. Because these butterflies mate on or near the host plant, the development of strong host fidelity may create reproductive isolation among populations on different hosts and restrict gene flow.4. Tests of population differentiation using allozyme allele frequency data did not provide convincing evidence of restricted gene flow among populations. Based on morphological differences, observed ecological specialisation, and the sharing of genetic markers, these butterflies appear to be undergoing adaptive radiation driven at least partially by host shifts. Neutral genetic markers may fail to detect the effects of very recent host shifts in these populations due to gene flow and/or the recency of divergence and shared ancestral polymorphism.

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“…Accepted November 20, 1991 All species consist ofpopulations that vary in size and degree of isolation from other populations. Local population sizes, migration rates, and the patterns ofmatings within a population all affect a species' population structure (Hartl and Clark, 1989;McCauley and Eanes, 1987;Slatkin, 1987). In many cases, local environmental variation causes natural selection to operate differently among local populations, and populations may differ genetically in response to this natural selection.…”

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A HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN A MONTANE LEAF BEETLE CHRYSOMELA AENEICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

Rank

1992

Evolution

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Abstract. -Herbivorous insects that use the same host plants as larvae and adults can have a subdivided population structure that corresponds to the distribution of their hosts, Having a subdivided population structure favors local adaptation of subpopulations to small-scale environmental differences and it may promote their genetic divergence. In this paper, I present the results of a hierarchical study of population structure in a montane willow leaf beetle, Chrysomela aeneicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This species spends its entire life associated with the larval host (Salix spp.), which occurs in patches along high-elevation streams and in montane bogs. I analyzed the genetic differentiation of C. aeneicollis populations along three drainages in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California at five enzyme loci: ak-1, idh-2, mpi-L, pgi-1, and pgm-L, using recent modifications of Wright's F-statistics. My results demonstrated significant differentiation (FST = 0.043) among drainages that are less than 40 kilometers apart. One locus, pgi-1, showed much greater differentiation than the other four (FST = 0.412), suggesting that it is under natural selection. C. aeneicollis populations were also subdivided within drainages, with significant differentiation I) among patches ofwillows (spanning less than three kilometers) and 2) in some cases, among trees within a willow patch. My results demonstrate that this species has the capacity to adapt to local environmental variation at small spatial scales.Key words.-Allozymes, Chrysomela aeneicollis, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation, insect population structure, natural selection, phosphoglucose isomerase. Received February 4, 1991. Accepted November 20, 1991 All species consist ofpopulations that vary in size and degree of isolation from other populations. Local population sizes, migration rates, and the patterns ofmatings within a population all affect a species' population structure (Hartl and Clark, 1989;McCauley and Eanes, 1987;Slatkin, 1987). In many cases, local environmental variation causes natural selection to operate differently among local populations, and populations may differ genetically in response to this natural selection. Even in the absence ofselection, genetic drift among small-sized populations increases their likelihood ofbecoming genetically differentiated. On the other hand, gene flow tends to make populations more genetically homogeneous (Slatkin, 1987). To measure the genetic structure ofpopulations, Wright (1978) proposed that studies should use a hierarchical sampling design that corresponds to spatial subdivisions ofnatural populations. For ex-1 Present address: Institute fur terrestrische okologie, ETH-Ziirich, Grabenstr. 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, ample, if a herbivorous insect lives on trees that grow in distinct patches separated by geographical barriers, a study ofthat insect's population structure should include samples from individual trees from several host-tree patches. The advantage of a hierarchical study is that one...

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Hierarchical population structure analysis of the milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus (Forster)

Cited by 80 publications

References 34 publications

Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST≠1/(4Nm+1)

Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST≠1/(4Nm+1)

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

A HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN A MONTANE LEAF BEETLE CHRYSOMELA AENEICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

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