Hierarchical Optimal Operation of Continuous-Batch Processes

Hierarchically coordinated economic MPC plantwide control of mixed continuous‐batch units in process industries with application to a beet sugar plant

“…The expression (20) has a form similar to the ones recommended in the work of Puel et al, 42 but the coefficients are chosen for the particular case at hand. The balance to the mass, which is evaporated from the boiling product and that shares the vessel volume with the latter could be described as in (21). The flow rate leaving the vessel is determined by a valve that is actioned by the control program of the crystallizer.…”

“…The accelerating/delaying factors P Fi act as the only decision variables. The h local function represent the model of the given crystallizer, as described, for example, in (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). In general, as previously discussed, it is also required to enforce path and terminal constraints (see Equation 10).…”

“…The simulated case study used is described in the work of Mazaeda et al 19 and the solution adopted extends the previous work reported in conference proceedings. 20,21 This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 goes deeper into the problem of distributed optimal control, to establish, in a general framework, the characteristics of the type of problem specifically addressed here and the solution adopted.…”