Hierarchical Nanotube-Constructed Porous TiO2-B Spheres for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Hierarchically structured porous TiO2-B spheres have been synthesized via a hydrothermal process using amorphous titania/oleylamine composites as a self-sacrificing template. The TiO2-B spheres are constructed by interconnected nanotubes and possess a high specific surface area of 295 m2 g-1. When evaluated as an anode material in lithium-half cells, the as-obtained TiO2-B material exhibits high and reversible lithium storage capacity of 270 mA h g-1 at 1 C (340 mA g-1), excellent rate capability of 221 mA h g-1 at 10 C, and long cycle life with over 70% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C. The superior electrochemical performance of TiO2-B material strongly correlates to the synergetic superiorities with a combination of TiO2-B polymorph, hierarchically porous structure, interconnected nanotubes and spherical morphology. Post-mortem structural analyses reveal some discrete cubic LiTiO2 nanodots formed on the outer surfaces of TiO2-B nanotubes, which might account for the slight capacity loss upon prolonged electrochemical cycling.

Porous One‐Dimensional Nanomaterials: Design, Fabrication and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…[325][326][327] Nanoparticle-deposited double-walled TiO 2 (B) nanotubes [326] showed good electrochemical performance at high rate (130 mAh g −1 at 20 C), attributing to the decreased Li + iondiffusion distance arising from the thin walls of nanotubes. To improve the electrochemical performance of TiO 2 (B), tubular structures were synthesized to increase the number of intercalation sites and thus further enhance pseudocapacitive performance.…”

Synergistic storage of lithium ions in defective anatase/rutile TiO2 for high-rate batteries

“…The broad peaks for TiO2(300) andTiO2(500) at potentials less than 1.7 V in the anodic and 1.6 V in cathodic are due to the overlapped current response from both rutile and TiO2-B. Nanosized rutile has broad redox peaks between 1.5 and 2 V12,48,49 and highly crystalline TiO2-B presents split redox peaks10 , confirming the obtained rutile crystals from the hydrothermal process are nanoscale.CVs recorded at scan rates from 0.2 to 10 mV s -1 were performed to investigate the kinetics of lithiation. For TiO2(300),Figure 4b, there are two peaks, denoted A1 and A2 in anodic part of the scans.…”

“…In addition, low-dimensional nanostructures of TiO2, including nanoparticles 9 , nanotubes 10 , nanowires 11 , nanorod 12 , nanoribbons 13 and nanosheets 14,15 have short paths for electron and ion transport and lead to improved specific capacities as well as high-rate…”

Synthesis of TiO2 (B) and High‐temperature Stable Anatase TiO2 Nanowires by Hydrothermal Method and Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity

“…Cai et al . (2015) reported a favorable channel structure with high and reversible lithium storage capacity for TiO 2 (B) . By raising calcination temperature to 800°C, TiO 2 (B) is completely transformed into a high‐crystalline anatase phase .…”

“…XRD patterns of the synthesized TNWs which were calcined at various temperatures and the standard XRD patterns for anatase TiO 2 and TiO 2 (B) are illustrated in Fig. 1 (36). By raising calcination temperature to 800°C, TiO 2 (B) is completely transformed into a high-crystalline anatase phase (29).…”