Hierarchical Model Predictive Control for Energy Efficient Buildings with Multi-Energy Storage Systems

Predictive Control and Benefit Sharing in Multi-Energy Systems

“…Because of this, a heuristic procedure based on the relaxation of nonlinear constraints is proposed in [19], able to recover at least a feasible solution if the designed distributed algorithm fails in optimizing the MES. Other control approaches for networked energy systems have relied on hierarchical architectures, enabling enhanced scalability and prompt system regulation [20], [21], [22], [23]. In this context, a two-layer control architecture for large-scale networks is proposed in [24], exploiting a network partitioning procedure to identify the subsystems to control, but, however, focusing only on the electrical energy domain.…”